Ontolog Forum - User contributions [en]

OntologySummit2025

2025-01-30T16:00:02Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Description */

= Ontology Summit 2025 =
== Conceptualization, Analysis and Formalization ==
=== The Two Sides of Ontology: Relating ontologies to the world and to theories about the world ===

The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog and NIST along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.

As part of Ontolog’s general advocacy to bring ontology science and related engineering into the mainstream, we endeavor to facilitate discussion and knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders and interested parties relevant to the use of ontologies. The results will be synthesized and summarized in the form of the Ontology Summit 2024 Communiqué, with expanded supporting material provided on the web and in journal articles.

= Process and Deliverables =
Similar to our last 19 summits, this [[OntologySummit2025|Ontology Summit 2025]] will consist of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists), virtual presentations and panel sessions as part of recorded video conference calls.
As in prior years the intent is to provide some synthesis of ideas and draft a communiqué summarizing major points.

Meetings are at Noon US/Canada Eastern Time on Wednesdays and last about an hour.
The sessions are [https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88593616861?pwd=HafnK0yB7PFDK1EyiUyQRDKanZlbjU.1 Zoom Meetings].

== Description ==

In this summit we will consider the question of what an ontology is as well as how ontologies are related to other notions such as conceptualizations, theories and semantics.
For an overview of Track 1 see Introduction to the Summit and Track 1 Gary Berg-Cross
'''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]''' will set the stage for the summit with his keynote address: "Ontologies as specifications of conceptualizations: correctness, precision, and accuracy", which
will be elaborated by '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]''' who will discuss semantics, ontology and explanation.
Accordingly, conceptualization is fundamental for ontologies, but a careful analysis is necessary for a specification to be useful.
'''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]''' and '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]''' will then examine how one can specify the conceptualization of reality by means of mathematical theories and axioms as well as the limits of such approaches.
The next session will raise the question of what a theory is, which will
segue to a series of sessions that survey general philosophical and theoretical issues.

The second half of the summit will survey more concrete issues, specifically about data and its relationship to conceptualizations, reality and ontologies.
Of special interest are ontologies that have large amounts of continually increasing instance data.
How can one effectively verbalize and visualize such large ontologies?
How can one control the quality as the data expands?
How effective are these ontologies in practice?
Can the ontologies adequately support reasoning?

== Organization ==

We will begin with a [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_15|Overview Session]] on Wednesday, 15 January 2025.
This will be followed by a [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_22|Keynote Address "Ontologies as specifications of conceptualizations: correctness, precision, and accuracy”.]] featuring '''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]''' on Wednesday, 22 January 2025.
The summit will consist of four tracks as follows:

=== Track 1: Conceptualizing the theoretical form of reality ===
Track Chair: Gary Berg-Cross

* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_29|29 January 2025]] '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]'''
** Title: "Explanation, Semantics, and Ontology"
** Abstract: It is well-known by now that, of the so-called 4Vs of Big Data (Velocity, Volume, Variety and Veracity), the bulk of effort and challenge is in the latter two: (1) data comes in a large variety of representations (both from a syntactic and semantic point of view); (2) data can only be useful if truthful to the part of reality that it is supposed to represent. Moreover, the most relevant questions we need to have answered in science, government and organizations can only be answered if we put together data that reside in different data silos, which are produced in a concurrent manner by different agents and in different points of time and space. Thus, data is only useful in practice if it can (semantically) interoperate with other data. Every data schema represents a certain conceptualization, i.e., it makes an ontological commitment to a certain worldview. Issue (2) is about understanding the relation between data schemas and their underlying conceptualizations. Issue (1) is about safely connecting these different conceptualisations represented in different schemas. To address (1) and (2), we need to be able to properly explain these data schemas, i.e., to reveal the real-world semantics (or the ontological commitments) behind them. In this talk, I discuss the strong relation between the notions of real-world semantics, ontology, and explanation. I will present a notion of explanation termed Ontological Unpacking, which aims at explaining symbolic representation artifacts (conceptual models connected to data schemas, knowledge graphs, logical specifications). I show that these artifacts when produced by Ontological Unpacking differ from their traditional counterparts not only in their expressivity but also on their nature: while the latter typically merely have a descriptive nature, the former have an explanatory one. Moreover, I show that it is exactly this explanatory nature that is required for semantic interoperability. I will also discuss the relation between Ontological Unpacking and other forms of explanation in philosophy and science, as well as in Artificial Intelligence. I will argue that the current trend in XAI (Explainable AI) in which “to explain is to produce a symbolic artifact” (e.g., a decision tree or a counterfactual description) is an incomplete project resting on a false assumption, that these artifacts are not “inherently interpretable”, and that they should be taken as the beginning of the road to explanation, not the end. This talk is based on the following paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169023X24000491

* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_05|5 February 2025]] '''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]'''
** Title: The Heirs of Hilbert's Sixth Problem
** Abstract: In an address to the International Congress on Mathematicians in 1900, David Hilbert posed twenty-three challenge problems, in areas ranging from logic to number theory and partial differential equations. These problems have had a profound impact on research in mathematics. However, the sixth problem posed by Hilbert has never been adequately addressed: ``Mathematical treatment of the axioms of physics: The investigations on the foundations of geometry suggest the problem: To treat in the same manner, by means of axioms, those physical sciences in which mathematics plays an important part." This talk will explore the ways in which ontologies are the axiomatic theories required by Hilbert as a solution to his Sixth Problem. It will also consider how the methodology for evaluating scientific theories can be applied to the problem of empirical evaluation of ontologies.
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_12|12 February 2025]] '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]'''
** Title: Models, theories and ontologies
** In the paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.01560 Jobst Landgrebe and I outline the beginnings of on ontology of physics and mathematics from a BFO (= commonsensical) perspective. I will sketch how the ontologies of classical and modern physics relate to the ontology of common sense and of mathematics. In brief, classical physics inherits the common-sense view of nature, and uses mathematics to formalise our natural understanding of the causes and effects we observe in time and space when we select subsystems of nature for modelling. But in modern physics, we do not extend the realm of common sense by augmenting our knowledge of what is going on in nature. Rather, we have measurements that we do not understand, so we know nothing about the ontology of what we measure. We help ourselves by using entities from mathematics, which we do understand ontologically.
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_19|19 February 2025]] '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]'''
** Title: What is a Theory?
** Abstract: There are many theories in the sciences, arts and humanities that are not always formal theories and yet can be valuable. I will discuss the general notion of a theory and the relationship between less formal and more formal theories.

=== Track 2: Theoretical Knowledge and Reality ===
*Track Chair: Alex Shkotin

This track will cover a range of topics such as:
* Philosophy - from phenomenology to the doctrine of being and of existence and theoretical knowledge
* Theoretical knowledge - normative forms of presentation in various fields of activity
* Criticism of definitions encountered in practice from the point of view of ontology engineering

=== Track 3: From Reality to Data ===
* Track Chair: Mike Bennett

This track will cover a range of topics and questions such as:
* Truthmakers; perception; situation awareness
* Quality control of ontologies from the point of view of supporting theories
* How can we make our devices and manipulators?
* How can we use theoretical knowledge to create our measurement and other tools?
* Data verbalization: any unit of data can be read out loud.
* Data visualization

=== Track 4: Ontologies and Data ===
* Track Chair: Ravi Sharma
This track will cover a range of topics and questions such as:
* What is the difference between an ontology and a mathematical theory?
* Examples of ontologies with large amounts of instance data (e.g., ABox, KG)
** How effective are these ontologies in practical situations?
** Do the ontologies adequately support reasoning processes?**
** What trade-offs may have been considered?
* How Ontologies and AI are being used for Science Nobel Prizes?

== Schedule ==
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_15|2025_01_15]] Overview Session '''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_22|2025_01_22]] Keynote Address '''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_29|2025_01_29]] Track 1 '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_05|2025_02_05]] Track 1 '''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_12|2025_02_12]] Track 1 '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_19|2025_02_19]] Track 1 '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_26|2025_02_26]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_05|2025_03_05]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_12|2025_03_12]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_19|2025_03_19]] Synthesis I
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_26|2025_03_26]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_02|2025_04_02]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_09|2025_04_09]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_16|2025_04_16]] Track 4 '''[[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_23|2025_04_23]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_30|2025_04_30]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_07|2025_05_07]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_14|2025_05_14]] Synthesis II
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_21|2025_05_21]] Communiqué

== Resources ==
* [[OntologySummit2025/ConferenceCallInformation|Conference Call Information]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKK2e8NZ9lyLDBpXY18O_Tg Ontology Summit YouTube Channel]

[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2025]]

OntologySummit2025

2025-01-16T16:13:16Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Schedule */

= Ontology Summit 2025 =
== Conceptualization, Analysis and Formalization ==
=== The Two Sides of Ontology: Relating ontologies to the world and to theories about the world ===

The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog and NIST along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.

As part of Ontolog’s general advocacy to bring ontology science and related engineering into the mainstream, we endeavor to facilitate discussion and knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders and interested parties relevant to the use of ontologies. The results will be synthesized and summarized in the form of the Ontology Summit 2024 Communiqué, with expanded supporting material provided on the web and in journal articles.

= Process and Deliverables =
Similar to our last 19 summits, this [[OntologySummit2025|Ontology Summit 2025]] will consist of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists), virtual presentations and panel sessions as part of recorded video conference calls.
As in prior years the intent is to provide some synthesis of ideas and draft a communiqué summarizing major points.

Meetings are at Noon US/Canada Eastern Time on Wednesdays and last about an hour.
The sessions are [https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88593616861?pwd=HafnK0yB7PFDK1EyiUyQRDKanZlbjU.1 Zoom Meetings].

== Description ==

In this summit we will consider the question of what an ontology is as well as how ontologies are related to other notions such as conceptualizations, theories and semantics.
'''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]''' will set the stage for the summit with his keynote address: "Ontologies as specifications of conceptualizations: correctness, precision, and accuracy", which
will be elaborated by '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]''' who will discuss semantics, ontology and explanation.
Accordingly, conceptualization is fundamental for ontologies, but a careful analysis is necessary for a specification to be useful.
'''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]''' and '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]''' will then examine how one can specify the conceptualization of reality by means of mathematical theories.
The next session will raise the question of what a theory is, which will
segue to a series of sessions that survey general philosophical and theoretical issues.

The second half of the summit will survey more concrete issues, specifically about data and its relationship to conceptualizations, reality and ontologies.
Of special interest are ontologies that have large amounts of continually increasing instance data.
How can one effectively verbalize and visualize such large ontologies?
How can one control the quality as the data expands?
How effective are these ontologies in practice?
Can the ontologies adequately support reasoning?

== Schedule ==

We will begin with a [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_15|Overview Session]] on Wednesday, 15 January 2025.
This will be followed by a [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_22|Keynote Address "Ontologies as specifications of conceptualizations: correctness, precision, and accuracy”.]] featuring '''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]''' on Wednesday, 22 January 2025.
The summit will consist of four tracks as follows:

=== Track 1: Conceptualizing the theoretical form of reality ===
Track Chair: Gary Berg-Cross

* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_29|29 January 2025]] '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]'''
** Title: "Explanation, Semantics, and Ontology"
** Abstract: It is well-known by now that, of the so-called 4Vs of Big Data (Velocity, Volume, Variety and Veracity), the bulk of effort and challenge is in the latter two: (1) data comes in a large variety of representations (both from a syntactic and semantic point of view); (2) data can only be useful if truthful to the part of reality that it is supposed to represent. Moreover, the most relevant questions we need to have answered in science, government and organizations can only be answered if we put together data that reside in different data silos, which are produced in a concurrent manner by different agents and in different points of time and space. Thus, data is only useful in practice if it can (semantically) interoperate with other data. Every data schema represents a certain conceptualization, i.e., it makes an ontological commitment to a certain worldview. Issue (2) is about understanding the relation between data schemas and their underlying conceptualizations. Issue (1) is about safely connecting these different conceptualisations represented in different schemas. To address (1) and (2), we need to be able to properly explain these data schemas, i.e., to reveal the real-world semantics (or the ontological commitments) behind them. In this talk, I discuss the strong relation between the notions of real-world semantics, ontology, and explanation. I will present a notion of explanation termed Ontological Unpacking, which aims at explaining symbolic representation artifacts (conceptual models connected to data schemas, knowledge graphs, logical specifications). I show that these artifacts when produced by Ontological Unpacking differ from their traditional counterparts not only in their expressivity but also on their nature: while the latter typically merely have a descriptive nature, the former have an explanatory one. Moreover, I show that it is exactly this explanatory nature that is required for semantic interoperability. I will also discuss the relation between Ontological Unpacking and other forms of explanation in philosophy and science, as well as in Artificial Intelligence. I will argue that the current trend in XAI (Explainable AI) in which “to explain is to produce a symbolic artifact” (e.g., a decision tree or a counterfactual description) is an incomplete project resting on a false assumption, that these artifacts are not “inherently interpretable”, and that they should be taken as the beginning of the road to explanation, not the end. This talk is based on the following paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169023X24000491

* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_05|5 February 2025]] '''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]'''
** Title: The Heirs of Hilbert's Sixth Problem
** Abstract: In an address to the International Congress on Mathematicians in 1900, David Hilbert posed twenty-three challenge problems, in areas ranging from logic to number theory and partial differential equations. These problems have had a profound impact on research in mathematics. However, the sixth problem posed by Hilbert has never been adequately addressed: ``Mathematical treatment of the axioms of physics: The investigations on the foundations of geometry suggest the problem: To treat in the same manner, by means of axioms, those physical sciences in which mathematics plays an important part." This talk will explore the ways in which ontologies are the axiomatic theories required by Hilbert as a solution to his Sixth Problem. It will also consider how the methodology for evaluating scientific theories can be applied to the problem of empirical evaluation of ontologies.
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_12|12 February 2025]] '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]'''
** Title: Models, theories and ontologies
** In the paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.01560 Jobst Landgrebe and I outline the beginnings of on ontology of physics and mathematics from a BFO (= commonsensical) perspective. I will sketch how the ontologies of classical and modern physics relate to the ontology of common sense and of mathematics. In brief, classical physics inherits the common-sense view of nature, and uses mathematics to formalise our natural understanding of the causes and effects we observe in time and space when we select subsystems of nature for modelling. But in modern physics, we do not extend the realm of common sense by augmenting our knowledge of what is going on in nature. Rather, we have measurements that we do not understand, so we know nothing about the ontology of what we measure. We help ourselves by using entities from mathematics, which we do understand ontologically.
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_19|19 February 2025]] '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]'''
** Title: What is a Theory?
** Abstract: There are many theories in the sciences, arts and humanities that are not always formal theories and yet can be valuable. In this talk, I will talk about the general notion of a theory and the relationship between less formal and more formal theories.

=== Track 2: Theoretical Knowledge and Reality ===
*Track Chair: Alex Shkotin

This track will cover a range of topics such as:
* Philosophy - from phenomenology to the doctrine of being and of existence and theoretical knowledge
* Theoretical knowledge - normative forms of presentation in various fields of activity
* Criticism of definitions encountered in practice from the point of view of ontology engineering

=== Track 3: From Reality to Data ===
* Track Chair: Mike Bennett

This track will cover a range of topics and questions such as:
* Truthmakers; perception; situation awareness
* Quality control of ontologies from the point of view of supporting theories
* How can we make our devices and manipulators?
* How can we use theoretical knowledge to create our measurement and other tools?
* Data verbalization: any unit of data can be read out loud.
* Data visualization

=== Track 4: Ontologies and Data ===
* Track Chair: Ravi Sharma
This track will cover a range of topics and questions such as:
* What is the difference between an ontology and a mathematical theory?
* Examples of ontologies with large amounts of instance data (e.g., ABox, KG)
** How effective are these ontologies in practical situations?
** Do the ontologies adequately support reasoning processes?**
** What trade-offs may have been considered?
* How Ontologies and AI are being used for Science Nobel Prizes?

== Schedule ==
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_15|2025_01_15]] Overview Session '''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_22|2025_01_22]] Keynote Address '''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_29|2025_01_29]] Track 1 '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_05|2025_02_05]] Track 1 '''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_12|2025_02_12]] Track 1 '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_19|2025_02_19]] Track 1 '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_26|2025_02_26]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_05|2025_03_05]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_12|2025_03_12]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_19|2025_03_19]] Synthesis I
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_26|2025_03_26]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_02|2025_04_02]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_09|2025_04_09]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_16|2025_04_16]] Track 4 '''[[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_23|2025_04_23]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_30|2025_04_30]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_07|2025_05_07]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_14|2025_05_14]] Synthesis II
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_21|2025_05_21]] Communiqué

[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2025]]

OntologySummit2025

2025-01-16T15:06:11Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Schedule */

= Ontology Summit 2025 =
== Conceptualization, Analysis and Formalization ==
=== The Two Sides of Ontology: Relating ontologies to the world and to theories about the world ===

The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog and NIST along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.

As part of Ontolog’s general advocacy to bring ontology science and related engineering into the mainstream, we endeavor to facilitate discussion and knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders and interested parties relevant to the use of ontologies. The results will be synthesized and summarized in the form of the Ontology Summit 2024 Communiqué, with expanded supporting material provided on the web and in journal articles.

= Process and Deliverables =
Similar to our last 19 summits, this [[OntologySummit2025|Ontology Summit 2025]] will consist of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists), virtual presentations and panel sessions as part of recorded video conference calls.
As in prior years the intent is to provide some synthesis of ideas and draft a communiqué summarizing major points.

Meetings are at Noon US/Canada Eastern Time on Wednesdays and last about an hour.
The sessions are [https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88593616861?pwd=HafnK0yB7PFDK1EyiUyQRDKanZlbjU.1 Zoom Meetings].

== Description ==

In this summit we will consider the question of what an ontology is as well as how ontologies are related to other notions such as conceptualizations, theories and semantics.
'''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]''' will set the stage for the summit with his keynote address: "Ontologies as specifications of conceptualizations: correctness, precision, and accuracy", which
will be elaborated by '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]''' who will discuss semantics, ontology and explanation.
Accordingly, conceptualization is fundamental for ontologies, but a careful analysis is necessary for a specification to be useful.
'''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]''' and '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]''' will then examine how one can specify the conceptualization of reality by means of mathematical theories.
The next session will raise the question of what a theory is, which will
segue to a series of sessions that survey general philosophical and theoretical issues.

The second half of the summit will survey more concrete issues, specifically about data and its relationship to conceptualizations, reality and ontologies.
Of special interest are ontologies that have large amounts of continually increasing instance data.
How can one effectively verbalize and visualize such large ontologies?
How can one control the quality as the data expands?
How effective are these ontologies in practice?
Can the ontologies adequately support reasoning?

== Schedule ==

We will begin with an [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_15|Overview Session]] on Wednesday, 15 January 2025.
This will be followed by a [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_22|Keynote Address "Ontologies as specifications of conceptualizations: correctness, precision, and accuracy”.]] featuring '''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]''' on Wednesday, 22 January 2025.
The summit will consist of four tracks as follows:

=== Track 1: Conceptualizing the theoretical form of reality ===
Track Chair: Gary Berg-Cross

* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_29|29 January 2025]] '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]'''
** Title: "Semantics, Ontology, and Explanation."
** Abstract: It is well-known by now that, of the so-called 4Vs of Big Data (Velocity, Volume, Variety and Veracity), the bulk of effort and challenge is in the latter two: (1) data comes in a large variety of representations (both from a syntactic and semantic point of view); (2) data can only be useful if truthful to the part of reality that it is supposed to represent. Moreover, the most relevant questions we need to have answered in science, government and organizations can only be answered if we put together data that reside in different data silos, which are produced in a concurrent manner by different agents and in different points of time and space. Thus, data is only useful in practice if it can (semantically) interoperate with other data. Every data schema represents a certain conceptualization, i.e., it makes an ontological commitment to a certain worldview. Issue (2) is about understanding the relation between data schemas and their underlying conceptualizations. Issue (1) is about safely connecting these different conceptualisations represented in different schemas. To address (1) and (2), we need to be able to properly explain these data schemas, i.e., to reveal the real-world semantics (or the ontological commitments) behind them. In this talk, I discuss the strong relation between the notions of real-world semantics, ontology, and explanation. I will present a notion of explanation termed Ontological Unpacking, which aims at explaining symbolic representation artifacts (conceptual models connected to data schemas, knowledge graphs, logical specifications). I show that these artifacts when produced by Ontological Unpacking differ from their traditional counterparts not only in their expressivity but also on their nature: while the latter typically merely have a descriptive nature, the former have an explanatory one. Moreover, I show that it is exactly this explanatory nature that is required for semantic interoperability. I will also discuss the relation between Ontological Unpacking and other forms of explanation in philosophy and science, as well as in Artificial Intelligence. I will argue that the current trend in XAI (Explainable AI) in which “to explain is to produce a symbolic artifact” (e.g., a decision tree or a counterfactual description) is an incomplete project resting on a false assumption, that these artifacts are not “inherently interpretable”, and that they should be taken as the beginning of the road to explanation, not the end. This talk is based on the following paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169023X24000491

* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_05|5 February 2025]] '''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]'''
** Title: The Heirs of Hilbert's Sixth Problem
** Abstract: In an address to the International Congress on Mathematicians in 1900, David Hilbert posed twenty-three challenge problems, in areas ranging from logic to number theory and partial differential equations. These problems have had a profound impact on research in mathematics. However, the sixth problem posed by Hilbert has never been adequately addressed: ``Mathematical treatment of the axioms of physics: The investigations on the foundations of geometry suggest the problem: To treat in the same manner, by means of axioms, those physical sciences in which mathematics plays an important part." This talk will explore the ways in which ontologies are the axiomatic theories required by Hilbert as a solution to his Sixth Problem. It will also consider how the methodology for evaluating scientific theories can be applied to the problem of empirical evaluation of ontologies.
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_12|12 February 2025]] '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]'''
** Title: Models, theories and ontologies
** In the paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.01560 Jobst Landgrebe and I outline the beginnings of on ontology of physics and mathematics from a BFO (= commonsensical) perspective. I will sketch how the ontologies of classical and modern physics relate to the ontology of common sense and of mathematics. In brief, classical physics inherits the common-sense view of nature, and uses mathematics to formalise our natural understanding of the causes and effects we observe in time and space when we select subsystems of nature for modelling. But in modern physics, we do not extend the realm of common sense by augmenting our knowledge of what is going on in nature. Rather, we have measurements that we do not understand, so we know nothing about the ontology of what we measure. We help ourselves by using entities from mathematics, which we do understand ontologically.
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_19|19 February 2025]] '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]'''
** Title: What is a Theory?
** Abstract: There are many theories in the sciences, arts and humanities that are not always formal theories and yet can be valuable. In this talk, I will talk about the general notion of a theory and the relationship between less formal and more formal theories.

=== Track 2: Theoretical Knowledge and Reality ===
*Track Chair: Alex Shkotin

This track will cover a range of topics such as:
* Philosophy - from phenomenology to the doctrine of being and of existence and theoretical knowledge
* Theoretical knowledge - normative forms of presentation in various fields of activity
* Criticism of definitions encountered in practice from the point of view of ontology engineering

=== Track 3: From Reality to Data ===
* Track Chair: Mike Bennett

This track will cover a range of topics and questions such as:
* Truthmakers; perception; situation awareness
* Quality control of ontologies from the point of view of supporting theories
* How can we make our devices and manipulators?
* How can we use theoretical knowledge to create our measurement and other tools?
* Data verbalization: any unit of data can be read out loud.
* Data visualization

=== Track 4: Ontologies and Data ===
* Track Chair: Ravi Sharma
This track will cover a range of topics and questions such as:
* What is the difference between an ontology and a mathematical theory?
* Examples of ontologies with large amounts of instance data (e.g., ABox, KG)
** How effective are these ontologies in practical situations?
** Do the ontologies adequately support reasoning processes?**
** What trade-offs may have been considered?
* How Ontologies and AI are being used for Science Nobel Prizes?

== Schedule ==
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_15|2025_01_15]] Overview Session '''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_22|2025_01_22]] Keynote Address '''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_29|2025_01_29]] Track 1 '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_05|2025_02_05]] Track 1 '''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_12|2025_02_12]] Track 1 '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_19|2025_02_19]] Track 1 '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_26|2025_02_26]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_05|2025_03_05]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_12|2025_03_12]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_19|2025_03_19]] Synthesis I
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_26|2025_03_26]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_02|2025_04_02]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_09|2025_04_09]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_16|2025_04_16]] Track 4 '''[[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_23|2025_04_23]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_30|2025_04_30]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_07|2025_05_07]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_14|2025_05_14]] Synthesis II
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_21|2025_05_21]] Communiqué

[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2025]]

OntologySummit2025

2025-01-16T15:01:36Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Schedule */

= Ontology Summit 2025 =
== Conceptualization, Analysis and Formalization ==
=== The Two Sides of Ontology: Relating ontologies to the world and to theories about the world ===

The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog and NIST along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.

As part of Ontolog’s general advocacy to bring ontology science and related engineering into the mainstream, we endeavor to facilitate discussion and knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders and interested parties relevant to the use of ontologies. The results will be synthesized and summarized in the form of the Ontology Summit 2024 Communiqué, with expanded supporting material provided on the web and in journal articles.

= Process and Deliverables =
Similar to our last 19 summits, this [[OntologySummit2025|Ontology Summit 2025]] will consist of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists), virtual presentations and panel sessions as part of recorded video conference calls.
As in prior years the intent is to provide some synthesis of ideas and draft a communiqué summarizing major points.

Meetings are at Noon US/Canada Eastern Time on Wednesdays and last about an hour.
The sessions are [https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88593616861?pwd=HafnK0yB7PFDK1EyiUyQRDKanZlbjU.1 Zoom Meetings].

== Description ==

In this summit we will consider the question of what an ontology is as well as how ontologies are related to other notions such as conceptualizations, theories and semantics.
'''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]''' will set the stage for the summit with his keynote address: "Ontologies as specifications of conceptualizations: correctness, precision, and accuracy", which
will be elaborated by '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]''' who will discuss semantics, ontology and explanation.
Accordingly, conceptualization is fundamental for ontologies, but a careful analysis is necessary for a specification to be useful.
'''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]''' and '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]''' will then examine how one can specify the conceptualization of reality by means of mathematical theories.
The next session will raise the question of what a theory is, which will
segue to a series of sessions that survey general philosophical and theoretical issues.

The second half of the summit will survey more concrete issues, specifically about data and its relationship to conceptualizations, reality and ontologies.
Of special interest are ontologies that have large amounts of continually increasing instance data.
How can one effectively verbalize and visualize such large ontologies?
How can one control the quality as the data expands?
How effective are these ontologies in practice?
Can the ontologies adequately support reasoning?

== Schedule ==

We will begin with an [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_15|Overview Session]] on Wednesday, 15 January 2025.
This will be followed by a [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_22|Keynote Address "Ontologies as specifications of conceptualizations: correctness, precision, and accuracy”.]] featuring '''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]''' on Wednesday, 22 January 2025.
The summit will consist of four tracks as follows:

=== Track 1: Conceptualizing the theoretical form of reality ===
Track Chair: Gary Berg-Cross

* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_29|29 January 2025]] '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]'''
** Title: "Semantics, Ontology, and Explanation."
** Abstract:It is well-known by now that, of the so-called 4Vs of Big Data (Velocity, Volume, Variety and Veracity), the bulk of effort and challenge is in the latter two: (1) data comes in a large variety of representations (both from a syntactic and semantic point of view); (2) data can only be useful if truthful to the part of reality that it is supposed to represent. Moreover, the most relevant questions we need to have answered in science, government and organizations can only be answered if we put together data that reside in different data silos, which are produced in a concurrent manner by different agents and in different points of time and space. Thus, data is only useful in practice if it can (semantically) interoperate with other data. Every data schema represents a certain conceptualization, i.e., it makes an ontological commitment to a certain worldview. Issue (2) is about understanding the relation between data schemas and their underlying conceptualizations. Issue (1) is about safely connecting these different conceptualisations represented in different schemas. To address (1) and (2), we need to be able to properly explain these data schemas, i.e., to reveal the real-world semantics (or the ontological commitments) behind them. In this talk, I discuss the strong relation between the notions of real-world semantics, ontology, and explanation. I will present a notion of explanation termed Ontological Unpacking, which aims at explaining symbolic representation artifacts (conceptual models connected to data schemas, knowledge graphs, logical specifications). I show that these artifacts when produced by Ontological Unpacking differ from their traditional counterparts not only in their expressivity but also on their nature: while the latter typically merely have a descriptive nature, the former have an explanatory one. Moreover, I show that it is exactly this explanatory nature that is required for semantic interoperability. I will also discuss the relation between Ontological Unpacking and other forms of explanation in philosophy and science, as well as in Artificial Intelligence. I will argue that the current trend in XAI (Explainable AI) in which “to explain is to produce a symbolic artifact” (e.g., a decision tree or a counterfactual description) is an incomplete project resting on a false assumption, that these artifacts are not “inherently interpretable”, and that they should be taken as the beginning of the road to explanation, not the end. This talk is based on the following paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169023X24000491

* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_05|5 February 2025]] '''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]'''
** Title: The Heirs of Hilbert's Sixth Problem
** Abstract: In an address to the International Congress on Mathematicians in 1900, David Hilbert posed twenty-three challenge problems, in areas ranging from logic to number theory and partial differential equations. These problems have had a profound impact on research in mathematics. However, the sixth problem posed by Hilbert has never been adequately addressed: ``Mathematical treatment of the axioms of physics: The investigations on the foundations of geometry suggest the problem: To treat in the same manner, by means of axioms, those physical sciences in which mathematics plays an important part." This talk will explore the ways in which ontologies are the axiomatic theories required by Hilbert as a solution to his Sixth Problem. It will also consider how the methodology for evaluating scientific theories can be applied to the problem of empirical evaluation of ontologies.
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_12|12 February 2025]] '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]'''
** Title: Models, theories and ontologies
** In the paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.01560 Jobst Landgrebe and I outline the beginnings of on ontology of physics and mathematics from a BFO (= commonsensical) perspective. I will sketch how the ontologies of classical and modern physics relate to the ontology of common sense and of mathematics. In brief, classical physics inherits the common-sense view of nature, and uses mathematics to formalise our natural understanding of the causes and effects we observe in time and space when we select subsystems of nature for modelling. But in modern physics, we do not extend the realm of common sense by augmenting our knowledge of what is going on in nature. Rather, we have measurements that we do not understand, so we know nothing about the ontology of what we measure. We help ourselves by using entities from mathematics, which we do understand ontologically.
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_19|19 February 2025]] '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]'''
** Title: What is a Theory?
** Abstract: There are many theories in the sciences, arts and humanities that are not always formal theories and yet can be valuable. In this talk, I will talk about the general notion of a theory and the relationship between less formal and more formal theories.

=== Track 2: Theoretical Knowledge and Reality ===
*Track Chair: Alex Shkotin

This track will cover a range of topics such as:
* Philosophy - from phenomenology to the doctrine of being and of existence and theoretical knowledge
* Theoretical knowledge - normative forms of presentation in various fields of activity
* Criticism of definitions encountered in practice from the point of view of ontology engineering

=== Track 3: From Reality to Data ===
* Track Chair: Mike Bennett

This track will cover a range of topics and questions such as:
* Truthmakers; perception; situation awareness
* Quality control of ontologies from the point of view of supporting theories
* How can we make our devices and manipulators?
* How can we use theoretical knowledge to create our measurement and other tools?
* Data verbalization: any unit of data can be read out loud.
* Data visualization

=== Track 4: Ontologies and Data ===
* Track Chair: Ravi Sharma
This track will cover a range of topics and questions such as:
* What is the difference between an ontology and a mathematical theory?
* Examples of ontologies with large amounts of instance data (e.g., ABox, KG)
** How effective are these ontologies in practical situations?
** Do the ontologies adequately support reasoning processes?**
** What trade-offs may have been considered?
* How Ontologies and AI are being used for Science Nobel Prizes?

== Schedule ==
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_15|2025_01_15]] Overview Session '''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_22|2025_01_22]] Keynote Address '''[[NicolaGuarino|Nicola Guarino]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_01_29|2025_01_29]] Track 1 '''[[GiancarloGuizzardi|Giancarlo Guizzardi]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_05|2025_02_05]] Track 1 '''[[MichaelGruninger|Michael Gruninger]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_12|2025_02_12]] Track 1 '''[[BarrySmith|Barry Smith]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_19|2025_02_19]] Track 1 '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_02_26|2025_02_26]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_05|2025_03_05]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_12|2025_03_12]] Track 2 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_19|2025_03_19]] Synthesis I
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_03_26|2025_03_26]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_02|2025_04_02]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_09|2025_04_09]] Track 3 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_16|2025_04_16]] Track 4 '''[[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]'''
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_23|2025_04_23]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_04_30|2025_04_30]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_07|2025_05_07]] Track 4 TBA
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_14|2025_05_14]] Synthesis II
* [[ConferenceCall_2025_05_21|2025_05_21]] Communiqué

[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2025]]

ConferenceCall 2025 01 15

2025-01-15T15:11:14Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Participants */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Overview]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::15 Jan 2025 17:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PST/12:00pm EST
|-
| 5:00pm GMT/6:00pm CET
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2025|Ontology Summit 2025]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =

== Agenda ==
* 12:00 - 12:20 Introduction to the Summit and Track 1'''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]'''
* 12:20 - 12:30 Track 2 '''[[AlexShkotin|Alex Shkotin]'''
* 12:30 - 12:40 Track 3'''[[MikeBennett|Mike Bennett]]'''
* 12:40 - 12:50 Track 4 '''[[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]'''
* 12:50 - 13:00 General Q&A
* [https://ontologforum.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/OntologySummit2025/Launch/OntologySummit2025-Introduction__KenBaclawski.pdf Introductory Slides]

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 15 January 2025'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PST / 12:00pm EST / 6:00pm CET / 5:00pm GMT / 1700 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=1&day=15&year=2025&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2025/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Participants ==

Gary Berg-Cross

== Discussion ==

== Resources ==
* [https://ontologforum.s3.amazonaws.com/OntologySummit2025/Kickoff/MainSeriesKickoff_20250221.mp4 Video Recording]
* [https://youtu.be/IdG2YNkjnhY Youtube Video]

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2025]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2025_01_16]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2025| ]]

OntologySummit2024/Synthesis

2024-04-10T15:13:57Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Draft Summit Synthesis */

= Draft Summit Synthesis =
A proposed working outline for a synthesis on the way to a Communique:

1. Intro
Neuro-Symbolic AI (NeSy) AI, is defined briefly as not new but recent advances in ML using neural nets suggest new, hybrid approach in artificial intelligence that combine the strengths of two established approaches.

1.1 Full AI view uses Figure 1 is from the 2017 Ontology Summit is a high level model depicting 3 AI components and is taken from our 2017 ontology summit. This shows some limits to a naive view of the new field.
1.2 Introduce AGI and factors like Emergence

1.3 GoFAI section

The older and maybe more mature symbolic AI or good Old Fashion AI approach uses symbols and rules to represent knowledge and reasoning. In comparison to current neuro architecture symbolic approaches offer interpretability and more certainty while allowing flexibility.
* The idea that AI is changing business landscape

1.4 Limitations and issues with Connectionist Approaches
However there are limitations such as noted by machine learning theorist Leslie Valiant (2003.) who pointed to a key challenge for what he called intelligent cognitive behavior which makes explicit some of what was Implied in Figure 1’s three part diagram.
Summmay of Marcus and Sowa points.
Also Deborah McGuinness on''The Evolving Landscape: Generative AI, Ontologies, and Knowledge Graphs''

** Necessary to understand strengths and weaknesses of LLMs
** “AI will not replace most knowledge professionals but many knowledge professionals who do not collaborate with generative AI will be replaced”

2. A simpler question is how each approach might help the other without system integration.Currently we can be sure that LLMs can help in finding relevant, published resources in various text forms.

So a question is, can they automatically extract and structure something useful given what they can find and process from texts?

3. Why a Neuro-Symbolic AI Hybrid ? (Suggest using a SWOT approach to the writing and use the AI triangle -learning, reasoning and knowledge throughout)
3.1 Hybrid Architectures
There are several possible neurosymbolic architecture types that have been outline by Kautz

3.2 Some key benefits of Neuro-Symbolic AI

4. Discussion of Potential applications: Markus J. Buehler’s talk on material science “ Accelerating Scientific Discovery with Generative Knowledge Extraction, Graph-Based Representation, and Multimodal Intelligent Graph Reasoning” would provide material as well as the others listed in the Summary and Demos of hybrid systems.

5. Risks and Issues

6. Conclusions

== Overview ==
* LLM challenges align well with Ontology capabilities
** Combining the strengths of LLMs and ontologies/knowledge graphs to overcome weaknesses of each
* The Fall Series
** Discussed “hybrid systems”, provided motivation for developing them, and demonstrated applications/sandboxes based on them
** Highlighted need to keep exploring areas of collaboration, and improving both ontology and LLM development and use
** Various architectures/frameworks show different interactions between ontologies and LLMs
** Several with explicit feedback loops

== Broader Thoughts ==
=== '''Deborah McGuinness''' ===
''The Evolving Landscape: Generative AI, Ontologies, and Knowledge Graphs''
* AI is changing business landscape
** Necessary to understand strengths and weaknesses of LLMs
** “AI will not replace most knowledge professionals but many knowledge professionals who do not collaborate with generative AI will be replaced”
** “Generative AI explosion provides … a unique opportunity to shine and a time to rethink our methods”
* LLMs are “usefully wrong” – providing information to help you think
=== '''Gary Marcus''' ===
''No AGI (and no Trustworthy AI) without Neurosymbolic AI''
* Hypothesis: Scale is all you need
** Has been funded more than any other hypothesis in AI history and made progress
** But has failed to solve very many problems: AGI, autonomous driving, common sense, bias issues, reliability, trustworthiness, ...
** Tech leaders are starting to back away from this hypothesis
** Hubert Dreyfus: Climbing ever larger trees will not get one to the moon (early 1970s)
** [Deep learning is] a better ladder, but a better ladder doesn't necessarily get you to the moon
* We still desperately need neurosymbolic AI but it won't be enough to get to AGI
** Intelligence is multi-faceted: we should not expect one-size-fits-all solutions
** Looking for a quick win is distracting us from the hard work that we actually need to do
=== '''Anatoly Levenchuk''' ===
''Hybrid Reasoning, the Scope of Knowledge, and What Is Beyond Ontologies?''
* A cognitive system/agent is a cognitive architecture with a collection of KGs, LLMs and other knowledge representations
** Cognitive architecture refers to both a theory about the structure of the human mind and to a computational instantiation of such a theory used in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational cognitive science (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_architecture)
* Where KGs are discriminative declarations of “what is in the world” and LLMs are generative
* Both have roles in knowledge evolution
* “Looking at LLMs as chatbots is the same as looking at early computers as calculators. We're seeing an emergence of a whole new computing paradigm, and it is very early.”
=== '''John Sowa''' and '''Arun Majumdar''' ===
''Trustworthy Computation: Diagrammatic Reasoning With and About LLMs''
* Large language models cannot do reasoning, but find and apply reasoning patterns from training data
* Important to note that “thinking in language” is only one form of reasoning
* Systems developed by Permion use LLMs for summarization/synthesis
** But restrict responses based on the ontology
* Combine LLMs with a “scaffolding model” (vector, matrix and tensor-based) => ontology and methods of diagrammatic reasoning based on conceptual graphs (CGs)
** Where ontology is derived/tailored to policies, rules, and specifications of the project or business
=== '''Fabian Neuhaus''' ===
''Ontologies in the era of large language models – a perspective''
* Argument 1: Attempts to automate ontology development are based on a misunderstanding of what ontology engineers do
** Ontology engineers create consensus
* Argument 2: There is no ontology hidden in the weights of the LLM
** Very good at navigating ambiguities and different perspectives
** But does not resolve ambiguities, have logical consistency or persistent ontological commitments
=== '''John Sowa''' ===
''Without Ontology, LLMs are clueless''
* LLMs are a powerful technology, remarkably similar to a joke in 1900.
** Dump books in a machine, turn a crank, and expect a stream of knowledge to flow through the wires.
* The results are sometimes good and sometimes disastrous.
** LLM methods are excellent for translation, useful for search, but unreliable for generating new combinations.
** A lawyer used them to find precedents for a legal case.
** It generated an imaginary precedent and created a citation that seemed to be legitimate.
** But the opposing lawyer found that the citation was false.
* Ontology states criteria for testing the results of LLMs.
** Anything generated by LLMs is just a guess (hypothesis).
** If it's inconsistent with the ontology or with a verified database, it can be rejected as false.

== A look across the industry ==
=== '''Kurt Cagle''' ===
''Complementary Thinking: Language Models, Ontologies and Knowledge Graphs''
* Mapping LLMs to ontologies/KGs
** Matching LLM concepts to KG instances over specific classes such as schema.org or NIEM
** Using a RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generator) plug-in to communicate with an ontology/KG and add to the node-sets or control output transformation
** Reading Turtle, RDF-XML and JSON-LD
* Mapping ontologies/KGs to LLMs
** Using URI/IRI references in data and obtaining results with those references
** Adding KG embeddings (vector space representations) to LLM training corpus
=== '''Tony Seale''' ===
''How Ontologies Can Unlock the Potential of Large Language Models for Business''
* LLM and ontology “reinforcing feedback loop of continuous improvement”
** Using ontology/KG to place “guardrails” on LLM outputs
** Using LLMs to aid in maintenance and extension of ontology
* Information as a continuous stream (~LLMs) or discrete chunks (~KGs)
** Analogy to System 1 (intuitive/instinctual) and System 2 (reasoning based) thinking
=== '''Yuan He''' ===
''DeepOnto: A Python Package for Ontology Engineering with Deep Learning and Language Models''
* DeepOnto
* Python package for ontology engineering with deep learning and LMs
=== '''Hamed Babaei Giglou''' ===
''LLMs4OL: Large Language Models for Ontology Learning''
* Results:
** We explored LLMs potential for OL through our introduced conceptual framework, LLMs4OL.
** Extensive experiments on 11 LLMs across three OL tasks demonstrate the paradigm’s proof of concept.
** The obtained empirical results show that foundational LLMs are not sufficiently suitable for ontology construction that entails a high degree of reasoning skills and domain expertise.
** When LLMs effectively fine-tuned they just might work as suitable assistants, alleviating the knowledge acquisition bottleneck, for ontology construction.
** A codebase with detailed results is shared: https://github.com/HamedBabaei/LLMs4OL
* Future:
** Still, we need to explore more recent LLMs.
** Incorporate more ontologies in this study.
** Build a benchmark dataset that considers more domains.
** Optimize three LLMs4OL tasks.

== Demos of hybrid systems ==
=== '''Evren Sirin''' ===
''Stardog Voicebox: LLM-Powered Question Answering with Knowledge Graphs''
* Stardog Voicebox combines LLM and graph database technology to:
** Take a description of ontology and create it
* Turn natural language query into SPARQL
** Provide context for decisions and debug/repair queries
* Built on:
** Open-source foundational model, MPT-30B
** Fine-tuned with ~20K SPARQL queries
** Vector embedding and search via MiniLM-L6-v2 language model
=== '''Prasad Yalamanchik''' ===
''Harvest Knowledge From Language - Harness the power of Large Language Models and Semantic Technology''
* TextDistil
** Inputs – text documents; Outputs – NQuad files and JSON
** Models trained on domain-specific variables, and training data labeled using taxonomy
** Ontology for organization/semantics (human defined)
** Query in NL parsed to ontology concepts and used to generate query to KG
** Triples returned with provenance from ingested documents
** LLM used to summarize response
=== '''Andrea Westerinen''' ===
''Populating Knowledge Graphs: The Confluence of Ontology and Large Language Models''
* Overview of open-source tooling to parse news articles (Deep Narrative Analysis, DNA)
** Create knowledge stores with data from text stored in RDF graphs
** Enabling aggregation of textual information within and across documents
** To efficiently compare and analyze collections of text to understand patterns, trends, …
* Prompts sent to OpenAI chat completion API for:
** Narrative analysis
** Rhetorical devices and viewpoint interpretations
** Sentence analysis
** Linguistics (tense, voice, errors, …), rhetorical devices and mapping to ontology
* LLM JSON responses (already mapped to the ontology) used to generate RDF
** Which is stored in graph database
=== '''Deborah McGuinness''' ===
* Applications of LLMs at RPI
** Collaborative KG generation by leveraging LLMs for refinement and population (value restrictions and instances) of an existing ontology, in partnership with human
*** Enhancing wine and cheese ontology
*** But could also provide concepts that are a starting point for a new ontology, for human consideration
** LLM/KG Fact Checker (ChatBS) “sandbox” with questions submitted (multiple times) to OpenAI completion API and entity linking to Wikidata for validation
=== '''Till Mossakowski''' ===
''Modular design patterns for neural-symbolic integration: refinement and combination''
* Neural networks can extend ontologies of structured objects: from neuro to symbolic
* Ontology pre-training can improve transformer performance: from symbolic to neuro
* We can beat purely symbolic and purely neural baselines
* Design patterns as systematic building blocks => towards a theory of neuro-symbolic engineering
* Future work: Novel neural embeddings for ontologies
=== '''Markus J. Buehler''' ===
''Accelerating Scientific Discovery with Generative Knowledge Extraction, Graph-Based Representation, and Multimodal Intelligent Graph Reasoning''
* Navigating generated knowledge graphs can result in new scientific insights

OntologySummit2024/Synthesis

2024-04-10T15:12:43Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Draft Summit Synthesis */

= Draft Summit Synthesis =
A proposed working outline for a synthesis on the way to a Communique:

1. Intro
Neuro-Symbolic AI (NeSy) AI, is defined briefly as not new but recent advances in ML using neural nets suggest new, hybrid approach in artificial intelligence that combine the strengths of two established approaches.

1.1 Full AI view uses Figure 1 is from the 2017 Ontology Summit is a high level model depicting 3 AI components and is taken from our 2017 ontology summit. This shows some limits to a naive view of the new field.
1.2 Introduce AGI and factors like Emergence

1.3 GoFAI section

The older and maybe more mature symbolic AI or good Old Fashion AI approach uses symbols and rules to represent knowledge and reasoning. In comparison to current neuro architecture symbolic approaches offer interpretability and more certainty while allowing flexibility.
* The idea that AI is changing business landscape

1.4 Limitations and issues with Connectionist Approaches
However there are limitations such as noted by machine learning theorist Leslie Valiant (2003.) who pointed to a key challenge for what he called intelligent cognitive behavior which makes explicit some of what was Implied in Figure 1’s three part diagram.
Summmay of Marcus and Sowa points.
Also Deborah McGuinness on''The Evolving Landscape: Generative AI, Ontologies, and Knowledge Graphs''

** Necessary to understand strengths and weaknesses of LLMs
** “AI will not replace most knowledge professionals but many knowledge professionals who do not collaborate with generative AI will be replaced”

2. A simpler question is how each approach might help the other without system integration.
Currently we can be sure that LLMs can help in finding relevant, published resources in various text forms.
So a question is, can they automatically extract and structure something useful given what they can find and process from texts?

3. Why a Neuro-Symbolic AI Hybrid ? (Suggest using a SWOT approach to the writing and use the AI triangle -learning, reasoning and knowledge throughout)
3.1 Hybrid Architectures
There are several possible neurosymbolic architecture types that have been outline by Kautz

3.2 Some key benefits of Neuro-Symbolic AI

4. Discussion of Potential applications: Markus J. Buehler’s talk on material science “ Accelerating Scientific Discovery with Generative Knowledge Extraction, Graph-Based Representation, and Multimodal Intelligent Graph Reasoning” would provide material as well as the others listed in the Summary and Demos of hybrid systems.

5. Risks and Issues

6. Conclusions

== Overview ==
* LLM challenges align well with Ontology capabilities
** Combining the strengths of LLMs and ontologies/knowledge graphs to overcome weaknesses of each
* The Fall Series
** Discussed “hybrid systems”, provided motivation for developing them, and demonstrated applications/sandboxes based on them
** Highlighted need to keep exploring areas of collaboration, and improving both ontology and LLM development and use
** Various architectures/frameworks show different interactions between ontologies and LLMs
** Several with explicit feedback loops

== Broader Thoughts ==
=== '''Deborah McGuinness''' ===
''The Evolving Landscape: Generative AI, Ontologies, and Knowledge Graphs''
* AI is changing business landscape
** Necessary to understand strengths and weaknesses of LLMs
** “AI will not replace most knowledge professionals but many knowledge professionals who do not collaborate with generative AI will be replaced”
** “Generative AI explosion provides … a unique opportunity to shine and a time to rethink our methods”
* LLMs are “usefully wrong” – providing information to help you think
=== '''Gary Marcus''' ===
''No AGI (and no Trustworthy AI) without Neurosymbolic AI''
* Hypothesis: Scale is all you need
** Has been funded more than any other hypothesis in AI history and made progress
** But has failed to solve very many problems: AGI, autonomous driving, common sense, bias issues, reliability, trustworthiness, ...
** Tech leaders are starting to back away from this hypothesis
** Hubert Dreyfus: Climbing ever larger trees will not get one to the moon (early 1970s)
** [Deep learning is] a better ladder, but a better ladder doesn't necessarily get you to the moon
* We still desperately need neurosymbolic AI but it won't be enough to get to AGI
** Intelligence is multi-faceted: we should not expect one-size-fits-all solutions
** Looking for a quick win is distracting us from the hard work that we actually need to do
=== '''Anatoly Levenchuk''' ===
''Hybrid Reasoning, the Scope of Knowledge, and What Is Beyond Ontologies?''
* A cognitive system/agent is a cognitive architecture with a collection of KGs, LLMs and other knowledge representations
** Cognitive architecture refers to both a theory about the structure of the human mind and to a computational instantiation of such a theory used in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational cognitive science (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_architecture)
* Where KGs are discriminative declarations of “what is in the world” and LLMs are generative
* Both have roles in knowledge evolution
* “Looking at LLMs as chatbots is the same as looking at early computers as calculators. We're seeing an emergence of a whole new computing paradigm, and it is very early.”
=== '''John Sowa''' and '''Arun Majumdar''' ===
''Trustworthy Computation: Diagrammatic Reasoning With and About LLMs''
* Large language models cannot do reasoning, but find and apply reasoning patterns from training data
* Important to note that “thinking in language” is only one form of reasoning
* Systems developed by Permion use LLMs for summarization/synthesis
** But restrict responses based on the ontology
* Combine LLMs with a “scaffolding model” (vector, matrix and tensor-based) => ontology and methods of diagrammatic reasoning based on conceptual graphs (CGs)
** Where ontology is derived/tailored to policies, rules, and specifications of the project or business
=== '''Fabian Neuhaus''' ===
''Ontologies in the era of large language models – a perspective''
* Argument 1: Attempts to automate ontology development are based on a misunderstanding of what ontology engineers do
** Ontology engineers create consensus
* Argument 2: There is no ontology hidden in the weights of the LLM
** Very good at navigating ambiguities and different perspectives
** But does not resolve ambiguities, have logical consistency or persistent ontological commitments
=== '''John Sowa''' ===
''Without Ontology, LLMs are clueless''
* LLMs are a powerful technology, remarkably similar to a joke in 1900.
** Dump books in a machine, turn a crank, and expect a stream of knowledge to flow through the wires.
* The results are sometimes good and sometimes disastrous.
** LLM methods are excellent for translation, useful for search, but unreliable for generating new combinations.
** A lawyer used them to find precedents for a legal case.
** It generated an imaginary precedent and created a citation that seemed to be legitimate.
** But the opposing lawyer found that the citation was false.
* Ontology states criteria for testing the results of LLMs.
** Anything generated by LLMs is just a guess (hypothesis).
** If it's inconsistent with the ontology or with a verified database, it can be rejected as false.

== A look across the industry ==
=== '''Kurt Cagle''' ===
''Complementary Thinking: Language Models, Ontologies and Knowledge Graphs''
* Mapping LLMs to ontologies/KGs
** Matching LLM concepts to KG instances over specific classes such as schema.org or NIEM
** Using a RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generator) plug-in to communicate with an ontology/KG and add to the node-sets or control output transformation
** Reading Turtle, RDF-XML and JSON-LD
* Mapping ontologies/KGs to LLMs
** Using URI/IRI references in data and obtaining results with those references
** Adding KG embeddings (vector space representations) to LLM training corpus
=== '''Tony Seale''' ===
''How Ontologies Can Unlock the Potential of Large Language Models for Business''
* LLM and ontology “reinforcing feedback loop of continuous improvement”
** Using ontology/KG to place “guardrails” on LLM outputs
** Using LLMs to aid in maintenance and extension of ontology
* Information as a continuous stream (~LLMs) or discrete chunks (~KGs)
** Analogy to System 1 (intuitive/instinctual) and System 2 (reasoning based) thinking
=== '''Yuan He''' ===
''DeepOnto: A Python Package for Ontology Engineering with Deep Learning and Language Models''
* DeepOnto
* Python package for ontology engineering with deep learning and LMs
=== '''Hamed Babaei Giglou''' ===
''LLMs4OL: Large Language Models for Ontology Learning''
* Results:
** We explored LLMs potential for OL through our introduced conceptual framework, LLMs4OL.
** Extensive experiments on 11 LLMs across three OL tasks demonstrate the paradigm’s proof of concept.
** The obtained empirical results show that foundational LLMs are not sufficiently suitable for ontology construction that entails a high degree of reasoning skills and domain expertise.
** When LLMs effectively fine-tuned they just might work as suitable assistants, alleviating the knowledge acquisition bottleneck, for ontology construction.
** A codebase with detailed results is shared: https://github.com/HamedBabaei/LLMs4OL
* Future:
** Still, we need to explore more recent LLMs.
** Incorporate more ontologies in this study.
** Build a benchmark dataset that considers more domains.
** Optimize three LLMs4OL tasks.

== Demos of hybrid systems ==
=== '''Evren Sirin''' ===
''Stardog Voicebox: LLM-Powered Question Answering with Knowledge Graphs''
* Stardog Voicebox combines LLM and graph database technology to:
** Take a description of ontology and create it
* Turn natural language query into SPARQL
** Provide context for decisions and debug/repair queries
* Built on:
** Open-source foundational model, MPT-30B
** Fine-tuned with ~20K SPARQL queries
** Vector embedding and search via MiniLM-L6-v2 language model
=== '''Prasad Yalamanchik''' ===
''Harvest Knowledge From Language - Harness the power of Large Language Models and Semantic Technology''
* TextDistil
** Inputs – text documents; Outputs – NQuad files and JSON
** Models trained on domain-specific variables, and training data labeled using taxonomy
** Ontology for organization/semantics (human defined)
** Query in NL parsed to ontology concepts and used to generate query to KG
** Triples returned with provenance from ingested documents
** LLM used to summarize response
=== '''Andrea Westerinen''' ===
''Populating Knowledge Graphs: The Confluence of Ontology and Large Language Models''
* Overview of open-source tooling to parse news articles (Deep Narrative Analysis, DNA)
** Create knowledge stores with data from text stored in RDF graphs
** Enabling aggregation of textual information within and across documents
** To efficiently compare and analyze collections of text to understand patterns, trends, …
* Prompts sent to OpenAI chat completion API for:
** Narrative analysis
** Rhetorical devices and viewpoint interpretations
** Sentence analysis
** Linguistics (tense, voice, errors, …), rhetorical devices and mapping to ontology
* LLM JSON responses (already mapped to the ontology) used to generate RDF
** Which is stored in graph database
=== '''Deborah McGuinness''' ===
* Applications of LLMs at RPI
** Collaborative KG generation by leveraging LLMs for refinement and population (value restrictions and instances) of an existing ontology, in partnership with human
*** Enhancing wine and cheese ontology
*** But could also provide concepts that are a starting point for a new ontology, for human consideration
** LLM/KG Fact Checker (ChatBS) “sandbox” with questions submitted (multiple times) to OpenAI completion API and entity linking to Wikidata for validation
=== '''Till Mossakowski''' ===
''Modular design patterns for neural-symbolic integration: refinement and combination''
* Neural networks can extend ontologies of structured objects: from neuro to symbolic
* Ontology pre-training can improve transformer performance: from symbolic to neuro
* We can beat purely symbolic and purely neural baselines
* Design patterns as systematic building blocks => towards a theory of neuro-symbolic engineering
* Future work: Novel neural embeddings for ontologies
=== '''Markus J. Buehler''' ===
''Accelerating Scientific Discovery with Generative Knowledge Extraction, Graph-Based Representation, and Multimodal Intelligent Graph Reasoning''
* Navigating generated knowledge graphs can result in new scientific insights

OntologySummit2024/Synthesis

2024-04-10T15:10:29Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Draft Summit Synthesis */

= Draft Summit Synthesis =
A proposed working outline for a synthesis on the way to a Communique:
1. Intro

Neuro-Symbolic AI (NeSy) AI, is defined briefly as not new but recent advances in ML using neural nets suggest new, hybrid approach in artificial intelligence that combine the strengths of two established approaches.

1.1 Full AI view uses Figure 1 is from the 2017 Ontology Summit is a high level model depicting 3 AI components and is taken from our 2017 ontology summit. This shows some limits to a naive view of the new field.
1.2 Introduce AGI and factors like Emergence

1.3 GoFAI section

The older and maybe more mature symbolic AI or good Old Fashion AI approach uses symbols and rules to represent knowledge and reasoning. In comparison to current neuro architecture symbolic approaches offer interpretability and more certainty while allowing flexibility.
* The idea that AI is changing business landscape

1.4 Limitations and issues with Connectionist Approaches
However there are limitations such as noted by machine learning theorist Leslie Valiant (2003.) who pointed to a key challenge for what he called intelligent cognitive behavior which makes explicit some of what was Implied in Figure 1’s three part diagram.
Summmay of Marcus and Sowa points.
Also Deborah McGuinness on''The Evolving Landscape: Generative AI, Ontologies, and Knowledge Graphs''

** Necessary to understand strengths and weaknesses of LLMs
** “AI will not replace most knowledge professionals but many knowledge professionals who do not collaborate with generative AI will be replaced”

2. A simpler question is how each approach might help the other without system integration.
Currently we can be sure that LLMs can help in finding relevant, published resources in various text forms. So a question is, can they automatically extract and structure something useful given what they can find and process from texts?

3. Why a Neuro-Symbolic AI Hybrid ? (Suggest using a SWOT approach to the writing and use the AI triangle -learning, reasoning and knowledge throughout)
3.1 Hybrid Architectures
There are several possible neurosymbolic architecture types that have been outline by Kautz

3.2 Some key benefits of Neuro-Symbolic AI

4. Discussion of Potential applications: Markus J. Buehler’s talk on material science “ Accelerating Scientific Discovery with Generative Knowledge Extraction, Graph-Based Representation, and Multimodal Intelligent Graph Reasoning” would provide material as well as the others listed in the Summary and Demos of hybrid systems.

5. Risks and Issues

6. Conclusions

== Overview ==
* LLM challenges align well with Ontology capabilities
** Combining the strengths of LLMs and ontologies/knowledge graphs to overcome weaknesses of each
* The Fall Series
** Discussed “hybrid systems”, provided motivation for developing them, and demonstrated applications/sandboxes based on them
** Highlighted need to keep exploring areas of collaboration, and improving both ontology and LLM development and use
** Various architectures/frameworks show different interactions between ontologies and LLMs
** Several with explicit feedback loops

== Broader Thoughts ==
=== '''Deborah McGuinness''' ===
''The Evolving Landscape: Generative AI, Ontologies, and Knowledge Graphs''
* AI is changing business landscape
** Necessary to understand strengths and weaknesses of LLMs
** “AI will not replace most knowledge professionals but many knowledge professionals who do not collaborate with generative AI will be replaced”
** “Generative AI explosion provides … a unique opportunity to shine and a time to rethink our methods”
* LLMs are “usefully wrong” – providing information to help you think
=== '''Gary Marcus''' ===
''No AGI (and no Trustworthy AI) without Neurosymbolic AI''
* Hypothesis: Scale is all you need
** Has been funded more than any other hypothesis in AI history and made progress
** But has failed to solve very many problems: AGI, autonomous driving, common sense, bias issues, reliability, trustworthiness, ...
** Tech leaders are starting to back away from this hypothesis
** Hubert Dreyfus: Climbing ever larger trees will not get one to the moon (early 1970s)
** [Deep learning is] a better ladder, but a better ladder doesn't necessarily get you to the moon
* We still desperately need neurosymbolic AI but it won't be enough to get to AGI
** Intelligence is multi-faceted: we should not expect one-size-fits-all solutions
** Looking for a quick win is distracting us from the hard work that we actually need to do
=== '''Anatoly Levenchuk''' ===
''Hybrid Reasoning, the Scope of Knowledge, and What Is Beyond Ontologies?''
* A cognitive system/agent is a cognitive architecture with a collection of KGs, LLMs and other knowledge representations
** Cognitive architecture refers to both a theory about the structure of the human mind and to a computational instantiation of such a theory used in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational cognitive science (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_architecture)
* Where KGs are discriminative declarations of “what is in the world” and LLMs are generative
* Both have roles in knowledge evolution
* “Looking at LLMs as chatbots is the same as looking at early computers as calculators. We're seeing an emergence of a whole new computing paradigm, and it is very early.”
=== '''John Sowa''' and '''Arun Majumdar''' ===
''Trustworthy Computation: Diagrammatic Reasoning With and About LLMs''
* Large language models cannot do reasoning, but find and apply reasoning patterns from training data
* Important to note that “thinking in language” is only one form of reasoning
* Systems developed by Permion use LLMs for summarization/synthesis
** But restrict responses based on the ontology
* Combine LLMs with a “scaffolding model” (vector, matrix and tensor-based) => ontology and methods of diagrammatic reasoning based on conceptual graphs (CGs)
** Where ontology is derived/tailored to policies, rules, and specifications of the project or business
=== '''Fabian Neuhaus''' ===
''Ontologies in the era of large language models – a perspective''
* Argument 1: Attempts to automate ontology development are based on a misunderstanding of what ontology engineers do
** Ontology engineers create consensus
* Argument 2: There is no ontology hidden in the weights of the LLM
** Very good at navigating ambiguities and different perspectives
** But does not resolve ambiguities, have logical consistency or persistent ontological commitments
=== '''John Sowa''' ===
''Without Ontology, LLMs are clueless''
* LLMs are a powerful technology, remarkably similar to a joke in 1900.
** Dump books in a machine, turn a crank, and expect a stream of knowledge to flow through the wires.
* The results are sometimes good and sometimes disastrous.
** LLM methods are excellent for translation, useful for search, but unreliable for generating new combinations.
** A lawyer used them to find precedents for a legal case.
** It generated an imaginary precedent and created a citation that seemed to be legitimate.
** But the opposing lawyer found that the citation was false.
* Ontology states criteria for testing the results of LLMs.
** Anything generated by LLMs is just a guess (hypothesis).
** If it's inconsistent with the ontology or with a verified database, it can be rejected as false.

== A look across the industry ==
=== '''Kurt Cagle''' ===
''Complementary Thinking: Language Models, Ontologies and Knowledge Graphs''
* Mapping LLMs to ontologies/KGs
** Matching LLM concepts to KG instances over specific classes such as schema.org or NIEM
** Using a RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generator) plug-in to communicate with an ontology/KG and add to the node-sets or control output transformation
** Reading Turtle, RDF-XML and JSON-LD
* Mapping ontologies/KGs to LLMs
** Using URI/IRI references in data and obtaining results with those references
** Adding KG embeddings (vector space representations) to LLM training corpus
=== '''Tony Seale''' ===
''How Ontologies Can Unlock the Potential of Large Language Models for Business''
* LLM and ontology “reinforcing feedback loop of continuous improvement”
** Using ontology/KG to place “guardrails” on LLM outputs
** Using LLMs to aid in maintenance and extension of ontology
* Information as a continuous stream (~LLMs) or discrete chunks (~KGs)
** Analogy to System 1 (intuitive/instinctual) and System 2 (reasoning based) thinking
=== '''Yuan He''' ===
''DeepOnto: A Python Package for Ontology Engineering with Deep Learning and Language Models''
* DeepOnto
* Python package for ontology engineering with deep learning and LMs
=== '''Hamed Babaei Giglou''' ===
''LLMs4OL: Large Language Models for Ontology Learning''
* Results:
** We explored LLMs potential for OL through our introduced conceptual framework, LLMs4OL.
** Extensive experiments on 11 LLMs across three OL tasks demonstrate the paradigm’s proof of concept.
** The obtained empirical results show that foundational LLMs are not sufficiently suitable for ontology construction that entails a high degree of reasoning skills and domain expertise.
** When LLMs effectively fine-tuned they just might work as suitable assistants, alleviating the knowledge acquisition bottleneck, for ontology construction.
** A codebase with detailed results is shared: https://github.com/HamedBabaei/LLMs4OL
* Future:
** Still, we need to explore more recent LLMs.
** Incorporate more ontologies in this study.
** Build a benchmark dataset that considers more domains.
** Optimize three LLMs4OL tasks.

== Demos of hybrid systems ==
=== '''Evren Sirin''' ===
''Stardog Voicebox: LLM-Powered Question Answering with Knowledge Graphs''
* Stardog Voicebox combines LLM and graph database technology to:
** Take a description of ontology and create it
* Turn natural language query into SPARQL
** Provide context for decisions and debug/repair queries
* Built on:
** Open-source foundational model, MPT-30B
** Fine-tuned with ~20K SPARQL queries
** Vector embedding and search via MiniLM-L6-v2 language model
=== '''Prasad Yalamanchik''' ===
''Harvest Knowledge From Language - Harness the power of Large Language Models and Semantic Technology''
* TextDistil
** Inputs – text documents; Outputs – NQuad files and JSON
** Models trained on domain-specific variables, and training data labeled using taxonomy
** Ontology for organization/semantics (human defined)
** Query in NL parsed to ontology concepts and used to generate query to KG
** Triples returned with provenance from ingested documents
** LLM used to summarize response
=== '''Andrea Westerinen''' ===
''Populating Knowledge Graphs: The Confluence of Ontology and Large Language Models''
* Overview of open-source tooling to parse news articles (Deep Narrative Analysis, DNA)
** Create knowledge stores with data from text stored in RDF graphs
** Enabling aggregation of textual information within and across documents
** To efficiently compare and analyze collections of text to understand patterns, trends, …
* Prompts sent to OpenAI chat completion API for:
** Narrative analysis
** Rhetorical devices and viewpoint interpretations
** Sentence analysis
** Linguistics (tense, voice, errors, …), rhetorical devices and mapping to ontology
* LLM JSON responses (already mapped to the ontology) used to generate RDF
** Which is stored in graph database
=== '''Deborah McGuinness''' ===
* Applications of LLMs at RPI
** Collaborative KG generation by leveraging LLMs for refinement and population (value restrictions and instances) of an existing ontology, in partnership with human
*** Enhancing wine and cheese ontology
*** But could also provide concepts that are a starting point for a new ontology, for human consideration
** LLM/KG Fact Checker (ChatBS) “sandbox” with questions submitted (multiple times) to OpenAI completion API and entity linking to Wikidata for validation
=== '''Till Mossakowski''' ===
''Modular design patterns for neural-symbolic integration: refinement and combination''
* Neural networks can extend ontologies of structured objects: from neuro to symbolic
* Ontology pre-training can improve transformer performance: from symbolic to neuro
* We can beat purely symbolic and purely neural baselines
* Design patterns as systematic building blocks => towards a theory of neuro-symbolic engineering
* Future work: Novel neural embeddings for ontologies
=== '''Markus J. Buehler''' ===
''Accelerating Scientific Discovery with Generative Knowledge Extraction, Graph-Based Representation, and Multimodal Intelligent Graph Reasoning''
* Navigating generated knowledge graphs can result in new scientific insights

ConferenceCall 2024 04 03

2024-04-10T14:58:44Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Agenda */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Synthesis]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::03 Apr 2024 16:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
|-
| 4:00pm GMT/6:00pm CEST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2024|Ontology Summit 2024]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =

== Agenda ==
* '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]''' ''First Synthesis''
** [[OntologySummit2024/Synthesis|Live Draft Synthesis Page]]
* '''[[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]''' ''Synthesis of Tracks A and B'' [https://bit.ly/3U3QQnp Slides]
* '''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]''' "Provided a working outline which he is editing into the synthesis page.
* [https://bit.ly/43LdMvZ Video Recording]

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 03 April 2024'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PDT / 12:00pm EDT / 6:00pm CEST / 5:00pm BST / 1600 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=4&day=3&year=2024&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour

{{:OntologySummit2024/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Participants ==

== Discussion ==

== Resources ==

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2024]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2024_04_03]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2024]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2024_04_03]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2024]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

ConferenceCall 2024 04 03

2024-04-05T19:21:17Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Agenda */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Synthesis]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::03 Apr 2024 16:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
|-
| 4:00pm GMT/6:00pm CEST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2024|Ontology Summit 2024]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =

== Agenda ==
* '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]''' ''First Synthesis''
** [[OntologySummit2024/Synthesis|Live Draft Synthesis Page]]
* '''[[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]''' ''Synthesis of Tracks A and B'' [https://bit.ly/3U3QQnp Slides]
* '''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]''' "\provided a working outline
* [https://bit.ly/43LdMvZ Video Recording]

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 03 April 2024'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PDT / 12:00pm EDT / 6:00pm CEST / 5:00pm BST / 1600 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=4&day=3&year=2024&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour

{{:OntologySummit2024/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Participants ==

== Discussion ==

== Resources ==

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2024]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2024_04_03]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2024]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2024_04_03]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2024]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

ConferenceCall 2023 05 03

2023-05-03T15:25:31Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Conference Call Information */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Communiqué]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::03 May 2023 16:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
|-
| 4:00pm GMT/5:00pm CST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =
{{:OntologySummit2023/Description}}

== Agenda ==
* Communiqué Development

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 03 May 2023'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PDT / 12:00pm EDT / 6:00pm CEST / 5:00pm BST / 1600 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=04&day=03&year=2023&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2023/ConferenceCallInformation}}
[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FQ5TdW3Ih7Pf7DT5rblbiZUe9orpJs6LnvGv5acteX0/edit?usp=sharing Link to draft synthesis document]

== Attendees ==

== Discussion ==

== Resources ==

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2023_05_03]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2023_05_03]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

ConferenceCall 2023 04 26

2023-04-26T15:02:31Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Agenda */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Synthesis]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::26 Apr 2023 16:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
|-
| 4:00pm GMT/5:00pm CST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =
{{:OntologySummit2023/Description}}

== Agenda ==
* Second Synthesis Session

A draft [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FQ5TdW3Ih7Pf7DT5rblbiZUe9orpJs6LnvGv5acteX0/edit?usp=sharing synthesis] from Gary Berg-Cross is available for discussion and editing.

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 26 Apr 2023'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PDT / 12:00pm EDT / 6:00pm CEST / 5:00pm BST / 1600 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=04&day=26&year=2023&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2023/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Attendees ==

== Discussion ==

== Resources ==

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2023_04_26]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2023_04_26]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

ConferenceCall 2023 02 15

2023-04-24T13:56:03Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Agenda */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::OBO Dashboards]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::15 Feb 2023 17:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PST/12:00pm EST
|-
| 5:00pm GMT/6:00pm CST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =
{{:OntologySummit2023/Description}}

== Agenda ==
* OBO Dashboards
* Presenters: Nico Matentzoglu, Anita Caron and [[CharlesHoyt|Charles Hoyt]]
* [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1oKxBzSCZGuFlIhw6jAXw00xgEGs7KgmaVR54NEdPprw/edit#slide=id.g20803e73efb_0_85 slides]
* [https://bit.ly/3XQEGxJ Video Recording]

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 15 Feb 2023'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PST / 12:00pm EST / 6:00pm CST / 5:00pm GMT / 1700 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=02&day=15&year=2023&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2023/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Attendees ==
* [[AleixPuig|Aleix Puig]]
* [[AlexanderDiehl|Alexander Diehl]]
* [[AlexShkotin|Alex Shkotin]]
* [[AllenBaron|Allen Baron]]
* [[AnitaCaron|Anita Caron]]
* [[ArwaIbrahim|Arwa Ibrahim]]
* [[AsiyahLin|Asiyah Lin]]
* [[CharlieHoyt|Charlie Hoyt]]
* [[ClaudiaSanchezBeatoJohnson|Claudia Sanchez-Beato Johnson]]
* [[CMAlvarez|C.M. Alvarez]]
* [[DamianGoutteGattat|Damian Goutte-Gattat]]
* [[DavidOsumiSutherland|David Osumi-Sutherland]]
* [[FanLi|Fan Li]]
* [[Fathoni Musyaffa|Fathoni Musyaffa]]
* [[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
* [[Giacomo Lanza|Giacomo Lanza]]
* [[JamesOverton|James Overton]]
* [[JanetSinger|Janet Singer]]
* [[JenniferGiron|Jennifer Girón]]
* [[JieZheng|Jie Zheng]]
* [[JimBalhoff|Jim Balhoff]]
* [[JohnJudkins|John Judkins]]
* [[John Steinbeck|John Steinbeck]]
* [[Josh Lagrimas|Josh Lagrimas]]
* [[KaiBlumberg|Kai Blumberg]]
* [[KatieMullen|Katie Mullen]]
* [[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]
* [[Leigh Carmody|Leigh Carmody]]
* [[MarciaZeng|Marcia Zeng]]
* [[Melissa Clarkson|Melissa Clarkson]]
* [[MichaelDeBellis|Michael DeBellis]]
* [[MikeBennett|Mike Bennett]]
* [[NancyWiegand|Nancy Wiegand]]
* [[Nicole Vasilevsky|Nicole Vasilevsky]]
* [[NicoMatentzoglu|Nico Matentzoglu]]
* [[PhilippeRoccaSerra|Philippe Rocca-Serra]]
* randi
* [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]
* [[RayStefancsik|Ray Stefancsik]]
* [[RhiannonCameron|Rhiannon Cameron]]
* [[RobertRovetto|Robert Rovetto]]
* [[SabrinaToro|Sabrina Toro]]
* [[SamsonTu|Samson Tu]]
* [[StefanoDeGiorgis|Stefano De Giorgis]]
* Sue
* [[SusanBello|Susan Bello]]
* [[UgurBayindir|Ugur Bayindir]]
* [[Umayer Reza|Umayer Reza]]

== Discussion ==
[11:57] RaviSharma: welcome everyone

[12:06] James Overton: Here's a link to the slides: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1oKxBzSCZGuFlIhw6jAXw00xgEGs7KgmaVR54NEdPprw/edit#slide=id.g20803e73efb_0_85

[12:09] Charlie Hoyt: not just prefixes but also CURIEs and IRIs

[12:11] RaviSharma: James and Nico - shared design patterns - are these used from a design repository so when people develop ontologies, they can use the design templates?

[12:14] James Overton: Ravi: Many OBO projects use their own templates and patterns, but we are only beginning to use shared patterns. This is a key part of the COB effort.

[12:18] Charlie Hoyt: https://dashboard.obofoundry.org/

[12:18] Charlie Hoyt: actual dashboard: obofoundry

[12:18] Charlie Hoyt: https://dashboard.obofoundry.org/dashboard/index.html

[12:25] RaviSharma: I found a neat cross reference as to which other ontologies use a particular ontology that you are referencing.

[12:25] DOS: Very granular cell ontologies may define classes using reference data rather than textual definitions. It can therefore be impossible to fulfill the unique text def requirement. At best one can add a text definition that described the general class => non-uniqueness. Because of this, the most detailed cell type ontology on the Foundry - FBbt - fails this test. Would it be possible to modify the test to allow it to be fulfilled by links to reference data?

[12:26] RaviSharma: How do you determine content accuracy by engaging the experts like doctors or nurses before you determine its readiness for practicing users operational maturity!

[12:27] Charlie Hoyt: i am not familiar with the mondo custom OBO dashboard! This is so cool! For sure we need more strict requirements than what is currently in OBO Foundry

[12:30] James Overton: DOS: Good point. The automated check for textual definitions is more strict than then principle, which says "most" terms should be defined. <https://obofoundry.org/principles/fp-006-textual-definitions.html>, we can change the automated check, but we need to make a decision about whether to err on the side of strictness or leniency.

[12:30] James Overton: The principles were not written with automated checks in mind, and some are harder to automate than others.

[12:33] DOS: Will promotion to the top tier require passing all tests, or will there be some attempt to order based on how many tests are failing?

[12:34] James Overton: My opinion is that better dashboard score should rank higher, but there's no decision yet.

[12:35] James Overton: OQUAT: https://cthoyt.github.io/oquat

[12:35] Nico Matentzoglu: Presentation link: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1oKxBzSCZGuFlIhw6jAXw00xgEGs7KgmaVR54NEdPprw/edit#slide=id.g1dcecf06728_0_7

[12:37] DOS: @James -I'd like to explore discuss how we might extend the principle to allow for a combination of free text def + formalised reference data links to be allowed. Without this, I feel like FBbt is being penalised for being so detailed - where less detailed and so less useful ontology would pass.

[12:38] Nico Matentzoglu: CL is the cell ontology, CLO is the cell line ontology

[12:39] Alexander Diehl: Jonathan Bard, one of the originators of the Cell Ontology, in case anyone is curious (JB:JB)

[12:39] James Overton: DOS: I agree in general. I work on MHC Restriction Ontology (MRO) which is mostly complexes of proteins, where the logical definition says everything important. We could auto-generate textual definitions, but would that really MRO better? So I would like to see OBO refine the textual definition check.

[12:40] RaviSharma: So how did you find resolution of prefix issues?

[12:40] James Overton: https://github.com/cthoyt/obo-community-health

[12:41] James Overton: ^^ I would like to see OBO refine both the textual definition principle and the automated check.

[12:42] Nicole Vasilevsky: For the OBO Community Health, is this up to date? I pushed to Mondo yesterday and it says the last push was in September

[12:42] RaviSharma: I am surprised that Envo is not being updated since August last year, does that mean that ENVO is stabilized or that development is slow?

[12:43] James Overton: Nicole: I see "2023-02-15" as the update date for MONDO.

[12:43] DOS: I love the Community Health dashboard.

[12:43] Nicole Vasilevsky: Oh, I see it was probably an old screenshot! Ignore me

[12:44] RaviSharma: Is quality score or effort a metadata?

[12:44] Gary BC: @Ravi I think that ENVO was updated 2 days ago.

[12:45] DOS: Great to be able to point potential users to this so they can tell if an ontology they want to use is active.

[12:45] DOS: Also great to see some super-editors getting credit.

[12:44] Nico Matentzoglu: Just to make it clear: Charlie’s view on “trust” is his own :P not the OBO foundry view!

[12:45] Nico Matentzoglu: (On a personal level I agree with much of it)

[12:46] Nico Matentzoglu: Anita you can start sharing

[12:46] Allen Baron: How is the OBO community health score calculated?

[12:46] Asiyah: Some experts have significant technical barriers to use GitHub. The Geeks here should think of a way to help them!

Reply by Nico: I think sending people to special training is key. Organisations use tools like JIRA - GitHub is not too different then these. I would start by not calling it Geeky - I would think that using project management tools is pretty much a must in the modern era, in GitHub is not much different. I would recommend organising training in your organisations to raise awareness!

[12:47] Allen Baron: Nice presentation Charlie.

[12:48] Nico Matentzoglu: Instruction: https://oboacademy.github.io/obook/howto/deploy-custom-obo-dashboard/

Example custom dashboard: https://monarch-initiative.github.io/monarch-ontology-dashboard/dashboard/index.html

[12:50] Nico Matentzoglu: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/dashboard-template

[12:48] RaviSharma: Gary thanks for reply but I guess it was an old screenshot

[12:48] Gary BC: Trust is often discussed in terms of factors like Transparency of scope, goals, users, policies and capabilities as well as Responsibility who is responsible & what are steward standards?

[12:48] Charlie Hoyt: Apologies for the mix-up between CL and CLO. I'm a big fan of both resources!

[12:49] Alexander Diehl: You are forgiven!

[12:50] Nico Matentzoglu: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/dashboard-template

[12:51] Charlie Hoyt: > DOS: Also great to see some super-editors getting credit.

It's true that super-editors are the total backbone of OBO, but I also consider that these people are the ones whose time is most thin. It's not often you can get a Chris Mungall reply on GitHub

[12:52] Charlie Hoyt: @allen the community score code is implemented here: https://github.com/cthoyt/obo-community-health/blob/a2cf266cc6d0c432d719158cb658a79d9fb8a4de/build.py#L210-L290, it's not the documented in the nicest way like the scores on the OBO Dashboard. definitely a place for improvement

[12:53] Charlie Hoyt: @nico we should externalize the schema that Anita is talking about now since it's used in several places (OBO Foundry repo, obo dashboard, also to some extent OLS)

[13:02] Anita Caron: https://anitacaron.github.io/ont-summit2023/

[13:02] Charlie Hoyt: Thanks James!

[13:03] csbjohnson: Thank you!

[13:03] RaviSharma: thanks, it was great deeper dive in OBO efforts.

== Resources ==
* [https://bit.ly/3XQEGxJ Session Video Recording]
* [https://oboacademy.github.io/obook/tutorial/custom-qc/ Tutorial: How to add custom quality checks with ODK]

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2023_02_15]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2023_02_15]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

ConferenceCall 2023 02 15

2023-04-24T13:55:42Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Ontology Summit 2023 {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::OBO Dashboards]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::15 Feb 2023 17:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PST/12:00pm EST
|-
| 5:00pm GMT/6:00pm CST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =
{{:OntologySummit2023/Description}}

== Agenda ==
* OBO Dashboards
* Presenters: Nico Matentzoglu, Anita Caron and [[CharlesHoyt|Charles Hoyt]]
* [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1oKxBzSCZGuFlIhw6jAXw00xgEGs7KgmaVR54NEdPprw/edit#slide=id.g20803e73efb_0_85 slides}
* [https://bit.ly/3XQEGxJ Video Recording]

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 15 Feb 2023'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PST / 12:00pm EST / 6:00pm CST / 5:00pm GMT / 1700 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=02&day=15&year=2023&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2023/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Attendees ==
* [[AleixPuig|Aleix Puig]]
* [[AlexanderDiehl|Alexander Diehl]]
* [[AlexShkotin|Alex Shkotin]]
* [[AllenBaron|Allen Baron]]
* [[AnitaCaron|Anita Caron]]
* [[ArwaIbrahim|Arwa Ibrahim]]
* [[AsiyahLin|Asiyah Lin]]
* [[CharlieHoyt|Charlie Hoyt]]
* [[ClaudiaSanchezBeatoJohnson|Claudia Sanchez-Beato Johnson]]
* [[CMAlvarez|C.M. Alvarez]]
* [[DamianGoutteGattat|Damian Goutte-Gattat]]
* [[DavidOsumiSutherland|David Osumi-Sutherland]]
* [[FanLi|Fan Li]]
* [[Fathoni Musyaffa|Fathoni Musyaffa]]
* [[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
* [[Giacomo Lanza|Giacomo Lanza]]
* [[JamesOverton|James Overton]]
* [[JanetSinger|Janet Singer]]
* [[JenniferGiron|Jennifer Girón]]
* [[JieZheng|Jie Zheng]]
* [[JimBalhoff|Jim Balhoff]]
* [[JohnJudkins|John Judkins]]
* [[John Steinbeck|John Steinbeck]]
* [[Josh Lagrimas|Josh Lagrimas]]
* [[KaiBlumberg|Kai Blumberg]]
* [[KatieMullen|Katie Mullen]]
* [[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]
* [[Leigh Carmody|Leigh Carmody]]
* [[MarciaZeng|Marcia Zeng]]
* [[Melissa Clarkson|Melissa Clarkson]]
* [[MichaelDeBellis|Michael DeBellis]]
* [[MikeBennett|Mike Bennett]]
* [[NancyWiegand|Nancy Wiegand]]
* [[Nicole Vasilevsky|Nicole Vasilevsky]]
* [[NicoMatentzoglu|Nico Matentzoglu]]
* [[PhilippeRoccaSerra|Philippe Rocca-Serra]]
* randi
* [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]
* [[RayStefancsik|Ray Stefancsik]]
* [[RhiannonCameron|Rhiannon Cameron]]
* [[RobertRovetto|Robert Rovetto]]
* [[SabrinaToro|Sabrina Toro]]
* [[SamsonTu|Samson Tu]]
* [[StefanoDeGiorgis|Stefano De Giorgis]]
* Sue
* [[SusanBello|Susan Bello]]
* [[UgurBayindir|Ugur Bayindir]]
* [[Umayer Reza|Umayer Reza]]

== Discussion ==
[11:57] RaviSharma: welcome everyone

[12:06] James Overton: Here's a link to the slides: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1oKxBzSCZGuFlIhw6jAXw00xgEGs7KgmaVR54NEdPprw/edit#slide=id.g20803e73efb_0_85

[12:09] Charlie Hoyt: not just prefixes but also CURIEs and IRIs

[12:11] RaviSharma: James and Nico - shared design patterns - are these used from a design repository so when people develop ontologies, they can use the design templates?

[12:14] James Overton: Ravi: Many OBO projects use their own templates and patterns, but we are only beginning to use shared patterns. This is a key part of the COB effort.

[12:18] Charlie Hoyt: https://dashboard.obofoundry.org/

[12:18] Charlie Hoyt: actual dashboard: obofoundry

[12:18] Charlie Hoyt: https://dashboard.obofoundry.org/dashboard/index.html

[12:25] RaviSharma: I found a neat cross reference as to which other ontologies use a particular ontology that you are referencing.

[12:25] DOS: Very granular cell ontologies may define classes using reference data rather than textual definitions. It can therefore be impossible to fulfill the unique text def requirement. At best one can add a text definition that described the general class => non-uniqueness. Because of this, the most detailed cell type ontology on the Foundry - FBbt - fails this test. Would it be possible to modify the test to allow it to be fulfilled by links to reference data?

[12:26] RaviSharma: How do you determine content accuracy by engaging the experts like doctors or nurses before you determine its readiness for practicing users operational maturity!

[12:27] Charlie Hoyt: i am not familiar with the mondo custom OBO dashboard! This is so cool! For sure we need more strict requirements than what is currently in OBO Foundry

[12:30] James Overton: DOS: Good point. The automated check for textual definitions is more strict than then principle, which says "most" terms should be defined. <https://obofoundry.org/principles/fp-006-textual-definitions.html>, we can change the automated check, but we need to make a decision about whether to err on the side of strictness or leniency.

[12:30] James Overton: The principles were not written with automated checks in mind, and some are harder to automate than others.

[12:33] DOS: Will promotion to the top tier require passing all tests, or will there be some attempt to order based on how many tests are failing?

[12:34] James Overton: My opinion is that better dashboard score should rank higher, but there's no decision yet.

[12:35] James Overton: OQUAT: https://cthoyt.github.io/oquat

[12:35] Nico Matentzoglu: Presentation link: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1oKxBzSCZGuFlIhw6jAXw00xgEGs7KgmaVR54NEdPprw/edit#slide=id.g1dcecf06728_0_7

[12:37] DOS: @James -I'd like to explore discuss how we might extend the principle to allow for a combination of free text def + formalised reference data links to be allowed. Without this, I feel like FBbt is being penalised for being so detailed - where less detailed and so less useful ontology would pass.

[12:38] Nico Matentzoglu: CL is the cell ontology, CLO is the cell line ontology

[12:39] Alexander Diehl: Jonathan Bard, one of the originators of the Cell Ontology, in case anyone is curious (JB:JB)

[12:39] James Overton: DOS: I agree in general. I work on MHC Restriction Ontology (MRO) which is mostly complexes of proteins, where the logical definition says everything important. We could auto-generate textual definitions, but would that really MRO better? So I would like to see OBO refine the textual definition check.

[12:40] RaviSharma: So how did you find resolution of prefix issues?

[12:40] James Overton: https://github.com/cthoyt/obo-community-health

[12:41] James Overton: ^^ I would like to see OBO refine both the textual definition principle and the automated check.

[12:42] Nicole Vasilevsky: For the OBO Community Health, is this up to date? I pushed to Mondo yesterday and it says the last push was in September

[12:42] RaviSharma: I am surprised that Envo is not being updated since August last year, does that mean that ENVO is stabilized or that development is slow?

[12:43] James Overton: Nicole: I see "2023-02-15" as the update date for MONDO.

[12:43] DOS: I love the Community Health dashboard.

[12:43] Nicole Vasilevsky: Oh, I see it was probably an old screenshot! Ignore me

[12:44] RaviSharma: Is quality score or effort a metadata?

[12:44] Gary BC: @Ravi I think that ENVO was updated 2 days ago.

[12:45] DOS: Great to be able to point potential users to this so they can tell if an ontology they want to use is active.

[12:45] DOS: Also great to see some super-editors getting credit.

[12:44] Nico Matentzoglu: Just to make it clear: Charlie’s view on “trust” is his own :P not the OBO foundry view!

[12:45] Nico Matentzoglu: (On a personal level I agree with much of it)

[12:46] Nico Matentzoglu: Anita you can start sharing

[12:46] Allen Baron: How is the OBO community health score calculated?

[12:46] Asiyah: Some experts have significant technical barriers to use GitHub. The Geeks here should think of a way to help them!

Reply by Nico: I think sending people to special training is key. Organisations use tools like JIRA - GitHub is not too different then these. I would start by not calling it Geeky - I would think that using project management tools is pretty much a must in the modern era, in GitHub is not much different. I would recommend organising training in your organisations to raise awareness!

[12:47] Allen Baron: Nice presentation Charlie.

[12:48] Nico Matentzoglu: Instruction: https://oboacademy.github.io/obook/howto/deploy-custom-obo-dashboard/

Example custom dashboard: https://monarch-initiative.github.io/monarch-ontology-dashboard/dashboard/index.html

[12:50] Nico Matentzoglu: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/dashboard-template

[12:48] RaviSharma: Gary thanks for reply but I guess it was an old screenshot

[12:48] Gary BC: Trust is often discussed in terms of factors like Transparency of scope, goals, users, policies and capabilities as well as Responsibility who is responsible & what are steward standards?

[12:48] Charlie Hoyt: Apologies for the mix-up between CL and CLO. I'm a big fan of both resources!

[12:49] Alexander Diehl: You are forgiven!

[12:50] Nico Matentzoglu: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/dashboard-template

[12:51] Charlie Hoyt: > DOS: Also great to see some super-editors getting credit.

It's true that super-editors are the total backbone of OBO, but I also consider that these people are the ones whose time is most thin. It's not often you can get a Chris Mungall reply on GitHub

[12:52] Charlie Hoyt: @allen the community score code is implemented here: https://github.com/cthoyt/obo-community-health/blob/a2cf266cc6d0c432d719158cb658a79d9fb8a4de/build.py#L210-L290, it's not the documented in the nicest way like the scores on the OBO Dashboard. definitely a place for improvement

[12:53] Charlie Hoyt: @nico we should externalize the schema that Anita is talking about now since it's used in several places (OBO Foundry repo, obo dashboard, also to some extent OLS)

[13:02] Anita Caron: https://anitacaron.github.io/ont-summit2023/

[13:02] Charlie Hoyt: Thanks James!

[13:03] csbjohnson: Thank you!

[13:03] RaviSharma: thanks, it was great deeper dive in OBO efforts.

== Resources ==
* [https://bit.ly/3XQEGxJ Session Video Recording]
* [https://oboacademy.github.io/obook/tutorial/custom-qc/ Tutorial: How to add custom quality checks with ODK]

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2023_02_15]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2023_02_15]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

ConferenceCall 2023 02 22

2023-04-24T13:42:02Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Ontology Summit 2023 {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Ubergraph]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::22 Feb 2023 17:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PST/12:00pm EST
|-
| 5:00pm GMT/6:00pm CST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =
{{:OntologySummit2023/Description}}

== Agenda ==
* Ubergraph: A SPARQL endpoint with many OBO ontologies loaded and pre-reasoned with simple triples materialized
* Presenter: Jim Balhoff
* [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1RhlZY4Yb_SDHKq3pdqIBmENr6oX7YSNmbk60Jl3JF_0/edit#slide=id.p Slides]
* [https://bit.ly/41wx6LZ Video Recording]

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 22 Feb 2023'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PST / 12:00pm EST / 6:00pm CST / 5:00pm GMT / 1700 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=02&day=22&year=2023&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2023/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Attendees ==
* [[AleixPuig|Aleix Puig]]
* [[AlexanderDiehl|Alexander Diehl]]
* [[AlexShkotin|Alex Shkotin]]
* [[ArwaIbrahim|Arwa Ibrahim]]
* [[AsiyahLin|Asiyah Lin]]
* [[ChrisKindermann|Chris Kindermann]]
* [[ChrisMungall|Chris Mungall]]
* [[ClaudiaSanchezBeatoJohnson|Claudia Sanchez-Beato Johnson]]
* [[DamianGoutteGattat|Damian Goutte-Gattat]]
* [[DarrenNatale|Darren A. Natale]]
* [[FanLi|Fan Li]]
* [[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
* [[GuangrongQin|Guangrong Qin]]
* [[HendrickBorgelt|Hendrick Borgelt]]
* [[HenriettHarmse|Henriett Harmse]]
* [[JamesOverton|James Overton]]
* [[JanetSinger|Janet Singer]]
* [[JieZheng|Jie Zheng]]
* [[JimBalhoff|Jim Balhoff]]
* [[JohnJudkins|John Judkins]]
* [[KatieMullen|Katie Mullen]]
* [[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]
* [[Leigh Carmody|Leigh Carmody]]
* [[MarciaZeng|Marcia Zeng]]
* [[MarkRessler|Mark Ressler]]
* [[MikeBennett|Mike Bennett]]
* [[NicoMatentzoglu|Nico Matentzoglu]]
* [[RamondLec|Ramond Lec]]
* [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]
* [[RayStefancsik|Ray Stefancsik]]
* [[RobertRovetto|Robert Rovetto]]
* [[SabrinaToro|Sabrina Toro]]
* [[SierraMoxon|Sierra Moxon]]
* [[SusanBello|Susan Bello]]
* [[TiagoLubiana|Tiago Lubiana]]
* [[WasilaDahdul|Wasila Dahdul]]
* [[YaseminBridges|Yasemin Bridges]]

== Discussion ==
[12:03] RaviSharma: Hello welcome everyone,

[12:12] RaviSharma: what is the significance of word Axioms in other ontologies vs just used in other ontologies?

[12:17] Sue: @Ravi the axioms have formal logic in which the terms from other ontologies are used to define the term in the focus ontology. It is one way to use terms from one ontology in another ontology. Another example of use would be as cross-references.

[12:17] Mike Bennett: Why equivalent class: Usually one would make the class a subclass both of it's usual (taxonomic) parent and of the restriction. the intersection is implicit

[12:19] RaviSharma: Jim you showed both ways, which one has less errors? Say in constructing KG.

[12:20] James Overton: @Mike: We have a standard operation `relax` that converts equivalence axioms to simpler subclass axioms <http://robot.obolibrary.org/relax>. But I think the point stands that querying OWL in SPARQL is hard, and Jim is building toward presenting a more convenient solution.

[12:23] Tiago Lubiana: Is there a way to differentiate stated/inferred relations in Ubergraph? E.g. one might be interested in retrieving only direct superclasses of a term, but all superclasses in the tree are inferred

[12:24] James Overton: relation-graph was added to ROBOT 1.9.2 very recently, as part of the <http://robot.obolibrary.org/extract#subset> command.

[12:24] Chris Mungall: @Tiago - these are distinguishable the named graph the triple belongs to

[12:28] Alexander Diehl: Is the query language for Ubergraph SPARQL or just SPARQL-like?

[12:28] Mike Bennett: @James thanks - makes sense.

[12:29] James Overton: @Alexander: Jim is showing actual SPARQL. He's using a trick to define prefixes for commonly used terms such as `cell` and `has_output`, to make the SPARQL more readable.
[12:29] James Overton: @Alexander: Jim is showing actual SPARQL. He's using a trick to define prefixes for commonly used terms such as `cell` and `has_output`, to make the SPARQL more readable.

[12:31] RaviSharma: Jim do these include GO relations mapping all gene pairs?

[12:32] Chris Mungall: @Ravi - no, this is just the ontology

[12:33] Asiyah: Is there a list of the 53 ontologies included in the Ubergraph?

[12:39] Robert Rovetto: what is the visualization tool used for those graph images?

[12:40] Chris Mungall: https://github.com/INCATools/obographviz

[12:42] Asiyah Lin - NIAID: Is there a list of 53 ontologies included in the Ubergraph?

[12:42] Nico Matentzoglu: This query gives you all the phenotypic abnormalities linked to the urine sodium level: https://api.triplydb.com/s/J1QkfjIAw

[12:43] James Overton: The README has a list of the included ontologies: https://github.com/INCATools/ubergraph

[12:43] Sierra Moxon: I’ve used this file to determine which ontologies are in Ubergraph https://github.com/INCATools/ubergraph/blob/master/ontologies.txt

[12:43] Nico Matentzoglu: Or you check Ubergraph: https://api.triplydb.com/s/0TLkJlDcA

[12:43] James Overton: Sierra's answer seems like a more complete list. Thanks!

[12:43] Asiyah Lin - NIAID: Thank you both, James and Sierra! and Nico!

[12:44] RaviSharma: Jim have you checked the lost relations namely other than those that execute SPARQL and those that go in the error file?

[12:54] RaviSharma: Nico should we not be concentrating on dealing with harmonizing and aligning in terms of levels of depth to achieve better semantic interoperation? Namely by domain overlap handling?

Reply from Gary Berg-Cross: Current automation of alignment and harmonization is limited but useful. Some needs to be done manually but in that process we may come to understand what semantic depth means and automate a portion of it.

[13:00] Asiyah: Is there a way to crowd source people's mappings happened everywhere?

[13:01] James Overton: @Asiyah: Yes, SSSOM is part of Mapping Commons: https://github.com/mapping-commons

[13:01] Sierra Moxon: I'm curious if the "confidence score" has a restricted range?

[13:03] Nico: yes, its basically %

[13:05] RaviSharma: I asked about a way of controlling the ambiguities as we do while developing software, to which Nico replied that one could filter or selectively map terms from e,g, SnoMed so that two way connections are somewhat possible. The presentations showed to us the improving maturity in ontology integration, KGs and SPARQL use. Thanks to speakers.

[13:11] Raymond Lee: Thanks!

== Resources ==
* [https://bit.ly/41wx6LZ Video Recording]

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2023_02_22]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2023_02_22]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

ConferenceCall 2023 03 29

2023-03-20T15:11:43Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Agenda */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Ontology Development]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::29 Mar 2023 16:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
|-
| 4:00pm GMT/5:00pm CST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =
{{:OntologySummit2023/Description}}

== Agenda ==
* Pattern-based ontology development with Reasonable Ontology Templates
(OTTR)
* Presented by Martin Skjæveland

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 29 Mar 2023'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PDT / 12:00pm EDT / 6:00pm CEST / 5:00pm BST / 1600 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=03&day=29&year=2023&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2023/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Attendees ==

== Discussion ==

== Resources ==

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2023_03_29]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2023_03_29]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

OntologySummit2023

2023-01-17T18:14:35Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Helping scientific researchers make better use of ontologies: Tools, Methods and Best Practices */

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] =

== Helping scientific researchers make better use of ontologies: Tools, Methods and Best Practices ==

Summit Co-Chairs: Gary Berg-Cross [https://ontologforum.org/index.php/GaryBergcross] and James Overton

The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog and NIST along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.

== Description ==
{{:OntologySummit2023/Theme}}

== Purpose ==
As part of Ontolog’s general advocacy to bring ontology science and related engineering into the mainstream, we endeavor to facilitate discussion and knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders and interested parties relevant to the use of ontologies. Ideas from presentations will be further explored in 2 panel sessions. The results will be synthesized and summarized the form of the Ontology Summit 2023 Communiqué, with expanded supporting material provided on the web and in journal articles.

= Process and Deliverables =
Similar to our last seventeen summits, this [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] will consist of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists), virtual presentations and panel sessions as part of recorded video conference calls.
As in prior years the intent is to provide some synthesis of ideas and draft a communique summarizing major points.

Meetings are at Noon US/Canada Eastern Time on Wednesdays and last about an hour.

= Schedule =
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] |?Session|format=broadtable}}

= Resources =
[http://bit.ly/34DOmRV Ontology Summit YouTube Channel]



[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]

ConferenceCall 2023 03 22

2022-12-30T18:34:30Z

Gary Berg-Cross:

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Wikidata]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::22 Mar 2023 16:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
|-
| 4:00pm GMT/5:00pm CST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =
{{:OntologySummit2023/Description}}

== Agenda ==
* Wikidata
* Presented by TBD

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 22 Mar 2023'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PDT / 12:00pm EDT / 5:00pm CET / 4:00pm GMT / 1600 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=03&day=22&year=2023&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
** Note: The US and Canada are on Daylight Saving Time while Europe has not yet changed.
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2023/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Attendees ==

== Discussion ==

== Resources ==

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2023_03_22]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2023_03_22]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

ConferenceCall 2023 04 05

2022-12-30T18:31:30Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Ontology Summit 2023 {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Wikidata]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::05 Apr 2023 16:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PDT/12:00pm EDT
|-
| 4:00pm GMT/5:00pm CST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =
{{:OntologySummit2023/Description}}

== Agenda ==
* Schema.org
* Presented by Markus Krötzsch

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 05 Apr 2023'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PDT / 12:00pm EDT / 6:00pm CEST / 5:00pm BST / 1600 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=04&day=05&year=2023&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2023/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Attendees ==

== Discussion ==

== Resources ==

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2023_04_05]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2023_04_05]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

OntologySummit2023

2022-12-21T16:38:53Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Helping scientific researchers make better use of ontologies: Tools, Methods and Best Practices */

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] =

== Helping scientific researchers make better use of ontologies: Tools, Methods and Best Practices ==

Summit Co-Chairs: Gary Berg-Cross and James Overton

The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog and NIST along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.

== Description ==
{{:OntologySummit2023/Theme}}

== Purpose ==
As part of Ontolog’s general advocacy to bring ontology science and related engineering into the mainstream, we endeavor to facilitate discussion and knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders and interested parties relevant to the use of ontologies. Ideas from presentations will be further explored in 2 panel sessions. The results will be synthesized and summarized the form of the Ontology Summit 2023 Communiqué, with expanded supporting material provided on the web and in journal articles.

= Process and Deliverables =
Similar to our last seventeen summits, this [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] will consist of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists), virtual presentations and panel sessions as part of recorded video conference calls.
As in prior years the intent is to provide some synthesis of ideas and draft a communique summarizing major points.

Meetings are at Noon US/Canada Eastern Time on Wednesdays and last about an hour.

= Schedule =
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] |?Session|format=broadtable}}

= Resources =
[http://bit.ly/34DOmRV Ontology Summit YouTube Channel]



[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]

ConferenceCall 2023 01 18

2022-12-21T16:38:02Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Agenda */

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Launch]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::18 Jan 2023 17:00 GMT]]
|-
| 9:00am PST/12:00pm EST
|-
| 5:00pm GMT/6:00pm CST
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]
|}

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] {{#show:{{PAGENAME}}|?session}} =
{{:OntologySummit2023/Description}}

== Agenda ==
* 12:00 - 12:05 '''[[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]''' Summit Kickoff and Introduction of the Summit Co-Chairs
* 12:05 - 12:15 '''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]''' and '''[[JamesOverton|James Overton]]''' ''Summit Vision''
* 12:15 - 12:25 '''[[AsiyahLin|Asiyah Lin]]''' ''US2TS Panel Summary''
* 12:25 - 12:35 '''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]''' and '''[[JamesOverton|James Overton]] ''Summit Schedule''
* 12:35 - 12:45 '''[[PascalHitzler|Pascal Hitzler]]''' ''Methods and Tools''
* 12:45 - 13:00 '''[[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]''' Conclusion and Discussion

== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 18 Jan 2023'''
* Start Time: 9:00am PST / 12:00pm EST / 6:00pm CST / 5:00pm GMT / 1700 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=01&day=18&year=2023&hour=12&min=00&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]
* Expected Call Duration: 1 hour
{{:OntologySummit2023/ConferenceCallInformation}}

== Attendees ==

== Discussion ==

== Resources ==

== Previous Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[<<ConferenceCall_2023_01_18]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=desc|limit=3}}

== Next Meetings ==
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] [[>>ConferenceCall_2023_01_18]]
|?|?Session|mainlabel=-|order=asc|limit=3}}

[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

Launch

2022-12-16T16:42:32Z

Gary Berg-Cross:

Introduction and Overview by the Organizing Committee:

In the 2023 Summit we will explore how to help scientists & researchers make better use of ontologies, and look for answers from a variety of perspectives. About the first half of the Summit will draw examples from the Open Bio Ontologies (OBO) community, followed by a panel to discuss and help digest issues raised in the first half. Following this the remaining sessions branch out to other communities, disciplines and practices such as modular approaches to ontology development. Along the way we will consider: specific tools, and associated methods and standards.

[https://ontologforum.org/index.php/KenBaclawski Ken Baclawski] - Overview to Summits

[https://ontologforum.org/index.php/GaryBergCross Gary Berg-Cross] - Overview of the 2023 Summit and ontology design patterns

[http://james.overton.ca/cv James Overton] Overview of OBO Foundry tools, methods and best practices

[https://www.linkedin.com/in/dryulin Asiyah Lin] Overview of US2TS panel on Harmonizing Ontologies.

Discussion follows.

Launch

2022-12-16T16:41:23Z

Gary Berg-Cross: Created page with "Introduction and Overview by the Organizing Committee: In the 2023 Summit we will explore how to help scientists & researchers make better use of ontologies, and look for answers from a variety of perspectives. About the first half of the Summit will draw examples from the Open Bio Ontologies (OBO) community, followed by a panel to discuss and help digest issues raised in the first half. Following this the remaining sessions branch out to other communities, disciplines..."

Introduction and Overview by the Organizing Committee:

In the 2023 Summit we will explore how to help scientists & researchers make better use of ontologies, and look for answers from a variety of perspectives. About the first half of the Summit will draw examples from the Open Bio Ontologies (OBO) community, followed by a panel to discuss and help digest issues raised in the first half. Following this the remaining sessions branch out to other communities, disciplines and practices such as modular approaches to ontology development. Along the way we will consider: specific tools, and associated methods and standards.

[https://ontologforum.org/index.php/KenBaclawski Ken Baclawski] - Overview to Summits
[https://ontologforum.org/index.php/GaryBergCross Gary Berg-Cross] - Overview of the 2023 Summit on
[http://james.overton.ca/cv James Overton] Overview of OBO Foundry tools, methods and best practices
[https://www.linkedin.com/in/dryulin Asiyah Lin] Overview of US2TS panel on Harmonizing Ontologies.

Discussion follows.

OntologySummit2023

2022-12-16T16:26:21Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Process and Deliverables */

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] =

== Helping scientific researchers make better use of ontologies: Tools, Methods and Best Practices ==

Summit Organizers: Gary Berg-Cross and James Overton

The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog and NIST along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.

== Description ==
{{:OntologySummit2023/Theme}}

== Purpose ==
As part of Ontolog’s general advocacy to bring ontology science and related engineering into the mainstream, we endeavor to facilitate discussion and knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders and interested parties relevant to the use of ontologies. Ideas from presentations will be further explored in 2 panel sessions. The results will be synthesized and summarized the form of the Ontology Summit 2023 Communiqué, with expanded supporting material provided on the web and in journal articles.

= Process and Deliverables =
Similar to our last seventeen summits, this [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] will consist of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists), virtual presentations and panel sessions as part of recorded video conference calls.
As in prior years the intent is to provide some synthesis of ideas and draft a communique summarizing major points.

Meetings are at Noon US/Canada Eastern Time on Wednesdays and last about an hour.

= Schedule =
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] |?Session|format=broadtable}}

= Resources =
[http://bit.ly/34DOmRV Ontology Summit YouTube Channel]



[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]

OntologySummit2023

2022-12-16T16:21:36Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Ontology Summit 2023 */

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] =

== Helping scientific researchers make better use of ontologies: Tools, Methods and Best Practices ==

Summit Organizers: Gary Berg-Cross and James Overton

The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog and NIST along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.

== Description ==
{{:OntologySummit2023/Theme}}

= Process and Deliverables =
Similar to our last seventeen summits, this [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] will consist of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists), virtual presentations and panel sessions as part of recorded video conference calls.
As in prior years the intent is to provide some synthesis of ideas and draft a communique summarizing major points.

Meetings are at Noon US/Canada Eastern Time on Wednesdays and last about an hour.

= Schedule =
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] |?Session|format=broadtable}}

= Resources =
[http://bit.ly/34DOmRV Ontology Summit YouTube Channel]



[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]

OntologySummit2023

2022-12-16T16:21:14Z

Gary Berg-Cross: /* Helping scientific researchers make better use of ontologies: Tools, Methods and Best Practices */

= [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] =

== Helping scientific researchers make better use of ontologies: Tools, Methods and Best Practices ==

Summit Organizers: Gary Berg-Cross and James Overton
The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog and NIST along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.

== Description ==
{{:OntologySummit2023/Theme}}

= Process and Deliverables =
Similar to our last seventeen summits, this [[OntologySummit2023|Ontology Summit 2023]] will consist of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists), virtual presentations and panel sessions as part of recorded video conference calls.
As in prior years the intent is to provide some synthesis of ideas and draft a communique summarizing major points.

Meetings are at Noon US/Canada Eastern Time on Wednesdays and last about an hour.

= Schedule =
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2023]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]] |?Session|format=broadtable}}

= Resources =
[http://bit.ly/34DOmRV Ontology Summit YouTube Channel]



[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2023]]